Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych > Chapter 2: Neuroscience and Behaviour > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Neuroscience and Behaviour Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What is the neutron?

A

The basic elements of the nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What (physically) holds neurons in place?

A

glial cells: provide nourishment to neutron, insulate them, help repair damage, etc…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is each part of the neutron?

A

Cell body, Dendrites, Axon, Myelin sheath, terminal buttons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the neurons distinct feature?

A

They have the ability to communicate with other cells and transmit information across a relatively long distance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are dendrites.

A

They receive messages from other neurons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the axon?

A

A long slim tube which cassures messaged received by the dendrites to other neurons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are terminal buttons?

A

They’re the small bulges at the end of the axon that send messages to other neurons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the all-or-none law?

A

They’re either on or off, with nothing in between the on state and off state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the myelin sheath?

A

A protective coat of fat and protein that wraps around the axon which speeds up thinking.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a resting state?

A

The state right before the neutron is triggered – has a negative charge of -70 millivolts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the action potential?

A

Moves from one end of the axon to the other, as it moves along axon the movement of ions cause a change in charge (negative to positive) and moves along.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the absolute refractory period?

A

Right after an action potential, the membrane can no longer admit positive ions for a few milliseconds so a neutron CANNOT fire.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the relative refractory period?

A

The period after the action potential where more stimulation than usual is needed for a neutron to send a signal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where do neurons meet?

A

At the synapse: the space between 2 neurons where the axon of a sending neurons communicates with the dendrites of a receiving neuron.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a neurotransmitter?

A

A brain chemical that carries a message across the synapse to the dendrites of receiving neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an excitatory message?

A

Makes it more likely that a receiving neutron will fire.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an Inhibitory message?

A

They provide chemical information that make it less likely that the receiving neutron will fire.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is reuptake?

A

When neurons reabsorb the neurotransmitter that are clogging the synapse.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are endogenous substances?

A

Substances like neurotransmitters that our body creates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are exogenous substances?

A

Substances created outside of our bodies and then introduced inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does dopamine neurotransmitter do?

A

Form a network of neurons that use dopamine which is involved in movement, attention, and learning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Dopamine deficiency causes which disease?

A

Parkinsons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Overproduction of dopamine products what (hypothesized)

A

Schizophrenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How do we block dopamine receptors?

A

Drugs designed with a chemical structure so similar to dopamine that they can enter receptor sites but doesn’t activate receptor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are endorphins neurotransmitters?

A

the brain’s effort to deal with pain and elevate mood – similar structure to painkilling drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What drug is used in place of endorphins?

A

Pain killers (opiates) like morphine, opium, heroin, etc… feel euphoria

25
Q

Why are opiates addictive?

A

While they block dopamine receptors, they also active these sites powerfully.

26
Q

What does Naloxone do?

A

When someone overdoses on an opiate, naloxone entrees the synapse and binds with endorphin receptors.

27
Q

What is the serotonin neurotransmitter?

A

Associated with regulation of sleep, eating, mood, and pain – maybe even involvement in alcoholism, depression, suicide, impulsivity, aggression.

28
Q

What are SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)?

A

They’re drugs designed to enter the synapse and only block the reuptake of serotonin increasing activity in these neurons.

29
Q

What is Acetylcholine (EACh) neurotransmitter?

A

Is involved in our every move, transmits messages relating to our skeletal muscles & memory

30
Q

What disease is associated with Acetylcholine (ACh)

A

Alzheimer’s

31
Q

What is glutamate neurotransmitter?

A

Plays a role in memory.

32
Q

What is Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter?

A

Found in both the brain and spinal cord, this is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter that moderates behaviour from eating to aggression

33
Q

What is the cerebral cortex?

A

Referred to as the “New Brain”, the cerebral cortex consists of 4 lobes that are in charge of our ability to think, evaluate, and make complex judgements

34
Q

What are the lobes and where are they?

A

-Frontal lobe, closest to front
-Parietal lobe, right behind frontal, upper.
-Temporal lobe, right behind frontal, down.
- Occipital lobe, furthest behind.

35
Q

What are the lobes separated by?

A

Sulci

36
Q

What area of the brain is the motor area?

A

The Frontal Lobe; Motor area & Broca’s area

37
Q

What are of the brain is the sensory area?

A

Parietal Lobe; somatosensory area, somatosensory association area
BUT ALSO… Auditory & Visual areas!

38
Q

What area of the brain is the auditory area?

A

Temporal Lobe: Primary auditory area, Wernicke’s area, Auditory association area.

39
Q

What part of the brain is the visual area?

A

Occipital Lobe; Visual area, Visual association area.

40
Q

What is the primary use of the motor area (Frontal Lobe)?

A

Largely responsible for the body’s voluntary movements. Every portion corresponds to a specific locale within body.

40
Q

The sensory area includes what three regions?

A
  1. Corresponds to body sensations (somatosensory)
  2. Related to sight
  3. Related to sound
41
Q

What is the association area?

A

Region of the cerebral cortex which is generally considered to be the site of higher mental processes (thinking, language, memory, speech)
Control executive functions: behaviour change; planning, goal setting, judgement, impulse control.

42
Q

What is apraxia?

A

Damage to association area which produces the inability to integrate activities in a rational or logical manner.

43
Q

What is Broca’s aphasia?

A

Damage to to Broca area where speech becomes haunting, laborious, and ungrammatical (ie: I…put…book…table)

44
Q

What is Wernicke’s aphasia?

A

Damage to Wernicke’s area which makes it difficult to both under stand speech but also produce language

45
Q

What is foreign accent syndrome?

A

Damage to the association area of the brain which result in articulation errors sounding like a “foreign accent”

46
Q

What are the 2 halves of the brain called?

A

Hemispheres

47
Q

What is cross-lateralization?

A

The hemispheres controlling motion and receiving sensation from the opposite side of the body from brain.

48
Q

What are the right hemispheres strengths?

A

Nonverball areas: understanding spatial relationships, recognition of pattens and drawings, music, and emotional expression

49
Q

What are the left hemispheres strengths?

A

Verbal competence: speaking, reading, thinking, and reasoning.

50
Q

The nervous system is divided into which 2 parts.

A

The central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)

51
Q

What is the CNS composed of?

A

The brain and spinal cord

52
Q

What is the spinal cord?

A

Contains a bundle of neurons that leaves the brain and unstable down the length of the back primarily means for transmitting messages between the brain and rest of body.

53
Q

What are reflexes controlled by?

A

Spinal cord, initial withdrawal is controlled by the neurons in the spinal cord.

54
Q

Which 3 neurons are involved in reflexes?

A

-Sensory (afferen) neurons: transmit info from body to CNS
- Motor (efferent) neurons: communicate info from nervous system to muscle and glands
- Interneurons: connect sensory and motor neurons, carrying message between two.

55
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system?

A

Branches out from the spinal cord and brain and reaches the extremities of the body.

56
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the PNS?

A

Somatic and autonomic divison

57
Q

What is the somatic division?

A

Specializes in the control of voluntary movements - eye movement, communication of info to and from the sense organs

58
Q

What is the autonomic division?

A

Controls the part of the body that keeps us alive – heart, blood vessel, glands, lungs, other organs that function without our awareness.

59
Q

What are the two parts of the autonomic division?

A

Sympathetic division and Parasympathetic

60
Q

What is the Sympathetic division?

A

Acts to prepare the body for action in stressful situations by nagging all of the organisms resources to run away/confront. (pupils dilate, relaxes bronchi, accelerates heartbeat, contracts vessels/blood pressure)

61
Q

What is parasympathetic division?

A

Acts to calm the body after an emergency has ended – contracts pupils, slows heartbeat, dilates vessels

Psych (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions