Chapter 12: Psychological Disorders Flashcards
What is abnormality?
- Deviation from the average: statistic based approach, observe what behaviours are common/rare frequent.
- Deviation from the ideal: abnormal id deviates from ideal/society’s cultural norms
- Sense of personal discomfort
- Inability to function effectively
- As legal concept
What are the 6 perspectives of psychological disorders?
Medical, psychoanalytic (childhood conflict), behavioural, cognitive, humanistic, sociocultural (shaped by fam, society, culture).
What is the medical perspective?
Suggests that an individual displays symptoms of abnormal behaviour, the fundamental cause will be found through a physical examination of the individual.
What is the psychoanalytic Perspective?
Hold the thought that abnormal behaviour stems from childhood conflict over opposing wishes regarding sex and aggression.
What is the behavioural Perspective?
Views the behaviour itself as the problem.
What is the Cognitive Perspective?
Assumes that cognitions are central to a person’s abnormal behaviour
What is the Humanistic Perspective?
Emphasizes the responsibility people have for their own behaviour
What is the Sociocultural Perspective?
Assume that people’s behaviours is shared by the kind of family group, society, and culture in which they live.
What are anxiety disorders?
When anxiety occurs without external justification and begins to affect people’s daily functioning. 3 major types: phobic, panic, and generalized anxiety disorder.
What is phobic disorder?
An intense, irrational fear of an object or situation (Phobias).
What is panic disorder?
Do not have any identifiable stimuli, panic attacks, often rise without warning giving an individual a sense of impending, unavoidable doom.
What is generalized Anxiety Disorder?
Long-term, persistent anxiety and worry.
What is PTSD?
Affects all aspects of an individual’s functioning from exposure to trauma.
What are depressive disorders?
Disturbances in emotional experiences that are strong enough to intrude on everyday living, most common MDD.
What is MDD (Major Depressive Disorder)?
A severe form of depression that interferes with concentration, decision making, and sociability.
What are causes of MDD?
- Biological factors: neurotransmitters play a role in depression (serotonin and norepinephrine), Area 25 being smaller = related to depression, Blunting of emotional reactions = less brain activity
- Psychological causes: feeling loss or anger at oneself
- Environmental factors
- Cognitive and emotional factors: learned helplessness
What is Bipolar Disorders?
Disorders where there are marked disturbances in mood s well as activity or energy levels. Bipolar I and II.
What is Bipolar I?
Alternation of mania (extended state of intense, wild elation) and depression
What is Bipolar II
Alteration of hypermedia (less dramatic than mania) and depression
Causes of bipolar
Primarily biological factors, genetic cause, but ALSO substance use which could risk development.
What is schizophrenia?
Thinking, perception, and emotion may deteriorate: the individual may withdraw from social interaction and may display bizarre behaviour, experience psychosis.
What is psychosis?
When an individual loses touch with reality/
What causes schizophrenia?
Biological (genetic link) and environmental origins (epigenetic, the way in which gene expressions are expressed and influenced by the environment)
What is OCD?
People are plagued by unwanted thoughts, called obsessions, or feel that they must carry out actions, termed compulsions, against their will.
What are neurodevelopment disorders?
Disorders which impact childhood: Autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, inattention, impulsiveness, and low tolerance for frustration, and inappropriate activity.
