Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Psychology > Chapter 2: Neuroscience and Behavior > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Neuroscience and Behavior Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Franz Gall
a popular but ill-fated theory that claimed that bumps on the skull could reveal our mental abilities and our character traits

A

phrenology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

a branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior
AKA behavioral neuroscientists, neuropsychologists, behavior genecists, physiological psychologists or biopsychologitsts

A

biology psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

this is what the body’s information system is built from billions of interconnected cell
-a nerve cell; basic building block of the nervous system

A

Neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the bushy, branching, extensions of a neuron that receives messages and conducts impulses toward the cell body

A

dendrite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands

A

axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

a layer of fatty tissue, segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the nexta neural
-evident in MS

A

myelin sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon’s membrane

A

action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

a level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

A

threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron; gap is called synaptic gap or cleft

A

synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

chemical messengers that transverse the synpatic gaps between neurons, when released by the sending neuron, travel across the synapse and bind to the receptor sites on the receiving neurons, there by influencing whether that neuron will generate a neural impulse

A

neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

a neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction

A

acetylcholine (ACh)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

influences movement, learning attention and emotion

A

dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

affects mood, hunger, sleep and arousal

A

serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

“morphine within”, natural opiate like neurotransmitter linked to pain control and to pleasure

A

endorphins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the body’s speedy, electrochemical communication networks, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems

A

nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the brain and the spinal cord

A

central nervous system (CNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body

A

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

neural “cables” containing many axons, part of the PNS, connect the CNS with muscle, glands and sense organs

A

nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

neurons that carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the central nervous system

A

sensory neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

neurons that carry outgoing information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands

A

motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

central nervous system neurons, that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor output

A

somatic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs, its sympathetic division arouses; the parasympathic division calms

A

autonomic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing the body in stressful situations

A

sympathetic nervous system

24
Q

the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy

A

parasympathetic nervous system

25
Q

a simple automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus

A

reflex

26
Q

interconnected neural cells with experience networks can learn as feedback strengths or inhibits connections that produce certain results

A

neural networks

27
Q

the body’s “slow” chemical communication system; a set of glands that secretes hormones into the bloodstream

A

endocrine system

28
Q

chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect another

A

hormones

29
Q

a pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys the adrenals secrete just above the kidneys the adrenals secrete the hormones epinephrine and none epinephrine which help to arouse the body in time of stress

A

adrenals glands

30
Q

the endocrine’s system most influential gland under the influence of the hypothalamus the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine systems

A

pituitary glands

31
Q

tissue destruction; brain _____ is a naturally or experimentally caused

A

lesion

32
Q

]an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweeps across the brain’s surface
waves are surfaced by electrodes placed on the scalp

A

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

33
Q

a visual display of brain activity, detects radioactive forms of glucose while the brain performs a task

A

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan

34
Q

uses magnetic fields and radio waves, produces computer generated images that distinguishes different types of soft tissue

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

35
Q

reveals blood flow and brain activity
shows brain function
can tell if people are lying

A

fMRI (functional MRI)

36
Q

oldest part of the brain
central core of the brain
automatic survival skills

A

brainstem

37
Q

the base of the brainstem
breathing and heartbeat
coordinates movements

A

medulla

38
Q

nerve network in the brainstem

controls arousal

A

reticular formation

39
Q

sensory switchboard
top of the brainstem
directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex

A

thalamus

40
Q

little brian
rear of the brainstem
processing sensory output
movement and balance

A

cerebellum

41
Q

neural system between the brain’s older parts and cerebral hemispheres
linked with emotion

A

amygdala

42
Q

below the thalamus
maintenance activities
helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland

A

hypothalamus

43
Q

interconnected neural cells
-covers cerebral hemispheres
ultimate control and information center

A

cerebral cortex

44
Q

cells in the nervous system that support, nourish and product neurons

A

glial cells

45
Q

behind the forehead
speaking and muscle movements
making plans and judgements

A

frontal lobes

46
Q

top, back of head

sensory input for touch and body position

A

parietal lobes

47
Q

above the ears

auditory area

A

temporal lobes

48
Q

behind the frontal lobe

controls voluntary movement and body touch

A

motor cortex

49
Q

front of the parietal lobe

A

sensory cortex

50
Q

part of the cerebral cortex
primary motor or sensory functions
higher mental functions - learning, thinking

A

association area

51
Q

metal rod went through left cheek and out his head through the frontal lobe
still alive, but no longer the same person

A

Phineas gage

52
Q

impairment of language

left hemisphere damage to the bronchas area or to wernick’s area

A

aphasia

53
Q

controls language expression
area of the frontal lobe
left hemisphere
muscle movement associated with speech

A

broca’s area

54
Q

controls language reception
language comprehension and expression
left temporal lobe

A

wenick’s area

55
Q

brain’s capacity for modification
evident in brain reorganization following damage
experiments on the effects of experience on the brain developemtn

A

plasticity

56
Q

large band of neural fibers
connects brain hemispheres
carries messages between them

A

corpus callosum

57
Q

a condition which two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers

A

split brain

AP Psychology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions