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aphasia > chapter 2: neuropathology of aphasia > Flashcards

chapter 2: neuropathology of aphasia Flashcards

1
Q

classical/ traditional view of neuropathology of aphasia

A

discrete areas of the brain within the zone of language perform different functions and are connected to form a network resulting in comprehension and production

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2
Q

Supported by direct observation and indirect observation of the brain

A

classical/ traditional view of neuropathology of aphasia

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3
Q

opposing view of neuropathology of aphasia

A

Language is supported by an intensely interactive set of neural networks widely disrupted throughout the brain and that aphasia is the consequence of disruption within this set of networks; no language areas

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4
Q

Justified by different brains light up differently in scanners when challenged with language tests; lesions in different parts of the brain may result in similar clinical syndromes

A

opposing view of neuropathology of aphasia

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5
Q

T/F: The characteristics of aphasia in any individual are dynamic and typically evolve over time; thus, a specific person’s needs depend on current deficits, and not necessarily on the anatomic locus of the lesion

A

True

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6
Q

T/F: Cerebral Dominance: one hemisphere contains the neural structures responsible for language and the other hemisphere does not contribute to language

A

False

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7
Q

T/F: Dominant hemisphere contains more of whatever is important for language and the other hemisphere contains less

A

True

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8
Q

Both hemispheres contribute in ______ degrees with different components of language function

A

varying

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9
Q

__% of right-handers have left-hemispheric dominance for language

A

95

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10
Q

__% of left-handers may have left-hemispheric dominance for language and __% may have bilateral dominance

A

70; 30

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11
Q

The right hemisphere contributes to many of the ______, _____, and ____ aspects of language in right-handers

A

prosodic, rhythmic, and pragmatic

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12
Q

T/F: The right hemisphere contributes to many of the prosodic, rhythmic, and pragmatic aspects of language

A

true

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13
Q

__% of aphasia syndromes conform roughly to the anatomo-clinical scheme; __% may be explained by individual difference in brain structure and other factors

A

80; 20

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14
Q

lesion location: lateral frontal, suprasylvian pre-Rolandic, extending into adjacent subcortical periventricular white matter

A

Broca’s aphasia

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15
Q

lesion location: Posterior third of superior temporal gyrus

A

Wernicke’s aphasia

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16
Q

lesion location: Supramarginal gyrus and underlying white-matter pathways (arcuate fasciculus); Wernicke’s area; left insula and auditory cortex

A

Conduction aphasia

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17
Q

lesion location: Angular gyrus; second temporal gyrus

A

Anomic aphasia

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18
Q

lesion location: Anterior frontal paramedian; anterior and superior to Broca’s area

A

Transcortical motor aphasia

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19
Q

lesion location: Posterior parieto-temporal, sparing Wernicke’s area

A

Transcortical sensory aphasia

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20
Q

lesion location: Large perisylvian, extending deep into sub adjacent white matter

A

Global aphasia

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21
Q

lesion location: Thalamus

Head of caudate nucleus, putamen, and/or internal capsule

A

subcortical aphasia

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22
Q

A lesion in this area would be in the territory of the superior division of the middle cerebral artery and often extends posteriorly to include the parietal lobe

A

Broca’s aphasia

23
Q

produces mild dysprosody and mild agraphia with occasional word-finding and mild dysarthria

A

lesions in Broca’s area

24
Q

do lesions in Broca’s area cause Broca’s aphasia

A

no

25
Q

Lesions created through the distribution of the inferior division of the middle cerebral artery

A

Wernicke’s aphasia

26
Q

which aphasia has at least two forms? and what are they?

A

Wernicke’s aphasia; 1) primarily temporal lesion & 2) extension of the lesion posteriorly

27
Q

Wernicke’s Aphasia: primarily temporal lesion causes…

A

producing word-deaf variant in which reading may be relatively less affected

28
Q

Wernicke’s Aphasia: extension of the lesion posteriorly…

A

visual connections will be disrupted; the patient will have more difficulty to understanding written language and language in context (less difficulty with isolated words)

29
Q

afferent and efferent types of lesions occur in which aphasia?

A

conduction

30
Q

Afferent

A

temporal lesions; repetition impaired because of defective memory

31
Q

Efferent

A

parietal or insular lesions; result of problems with phonemic representation

32
Q

T/F: any lesion in or near the zone of language can produce anomia. Virtually every aphasia has an anomic component

A

true

33
Q

lesions in the angular gyrus produce what kind of aphasia

A

anomic

34
Q

T/F: Other common forms of aphasia often evolve to a syndrome of primarily anomic aphasia in the process of recovery and these may present with widely varying lesion location

A

true

35
Q

Anteriorly located lesion that interrupts the link between the supplementary motor cortex and Broca’s area but that spares Broca’s area causes what kind of Aphasia

A

Transcortical Motor

36
Q

can lesions in transcortical motor aphasia be in more than one place?

A

yes

37
Q

what are the possible locations of transcortical motor aphasia lesions

A

supplementary motor cortex, white-matter pathways, left frontal lobe

38
Q

what are transcortical motor aphasia lesions caused by

A

disruption of blood flow either in the anterior cerebral artery or in the anterior-most penetrating branches of the middle cerebral artery

39
Q

a common cause of transcortical motor aphasia

A

the infarction in the border-zone territory between the anterior and middle cerebral arteries

40
Q

bilateral lesions occur in which aphasia

A

transcortical sensory

41
Q

One of the forms of aphasia seen in Alzheimer’s disease, a disease with bilateral posterior association cortex neuropathology

A

transcortical sensory

42
Q

Implication of severe language deficits across all language modalities

A

global aphasia

43
Q

have precise clinicopathological correlates have not been defined yet for the subcortical aphasias

A

no

44
Q

what is prominent in all forms of subcortical aphasia

A

preservation of repetition and disorders of attention

45
Q

are disorders of oral language vs disorders of written language present in aphasia

A

yes!

46
Q

Only written language effected

A

vascular in cause; lesion is usually in the distribution of the posterior cerebral artery

47
Q

Exclusively oral effected

A

lesion is usually in the distribution of the middle cerebral artery

48
Q

Both oral and written aspects of language effected

A

lesion in the distribution of the internal carotid artery

49
Q

does the current theory in aphasia accept the notion of a one-to-one correspondence between specific linguistic structural elements and focal segments of the brain

A

no

50
Q

A comprehensive neurological theory of language must take into account

A

evidence that most parts of the brain are engaged in the language act

51
Q

In patients with aphasia, neuroimaging studies have tended to support the _______` view

A

classical

52
Q

centers of language

A

represent critical crossroads for processing selected elements of language

53
Q

a focal lesion in _____ could produce a predictable aphasic deficit

A

center of language

54
Q

An integrative view of neurology of language

A

enhances our understanding of the phenomena of recovery from aphasia; lends itself to the development of theoretically motivated, brain-based approaches to aphasia therapy

aphasia (2 decks)

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