Chapter 2 - Nervouse System Flashcards
Nervous System
system responsible for coordinating all the many activities that are performed by the bod
Neurology
Scientific study of the structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system
Divisions of The Nervous System
Central Nervous System CNS
Peripheral Nervous System PNS
Autonomic Nervous System ANS
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Consists of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, cranial nerves.
Controls consciousness & many mental activities, involuntary functions of the five senses (seeing, hearing, feeling, smelling & tasting) Voluntary muscle actions including body movements & facial expressions.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
connects the peripheral (outer) parts of the body to the central nervous system; has sensory & motor nerves.
Carry impulses, or messages to & from the central nervous system.
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Controls the involuntary muscles; regulates the action of smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels, heart & breathing
Brain
Largest & most complex mass
of the nerve tissue in the body.
Controls sensation, muscles & glandular activity.
Brain Stem
Connects the spinal cord to the brain.
vital functions Breathing, heartbeat, bp.
Spinal Cord
Continuation of the brain stem and originates in the brain, extends down to the lower extremity of the trunk. 31 pairs of spinal nerves extend from spinal cord & distributed to the muscles & skin of the trunk & limbs
Nerves
Whitish cords made up of bundles of nerve fibers held together by connectie tissue, through which impulses are transmitted. Branches extend to all parts of body.
2 Types of Nerves
Sensory nerves - impulses or messages from the sense organs to the brain.
Motor nerves -impulses from the brain to the muscles or glands.
Sensory Nerves
impulses or messages from the sense organs to the brain.
Sensations such as touch, cold, heat, sight, hearing, taste, smell, pain.
Receptors
Sensory nerve endings
Located close to the surface of skin
Motor Nerves
Carry impulses from brain to the muscles or glands.
Reflex
automatic nerve reaction to a stimulus that involves the movement of an impulse.
How many cranial nerves
12 pairs
arising at the base of the brain & brain stem.
activate muscles & sensory structure of the head & neck, skin, membranes, eyes & ears.
Estheticians are primarily concern of which cranial nerves?
Fifth, - Largest one aka trifacial or Trigeminal.
Seventh- aka facial nerve
Eleventh - aka accessory nerve
5th Cranial Nerve AKA Trifacial/Trigeminal
Chief sensory nerve of the face
Controls chewing.
Consist of 3 branches
Ophthalmic Nerve
Mandibular Nerve
Maxillary Nerve
5th cranial nerve branch affects skin of forehead, upper eyelids, interior portion of the scalp, orbit, eye ball, nasal passage.
Ophthalmic nerve
5th cranial nerve branch that affects the muscles of the chin and lower lip
Mandibular Nerve
5th cranial nerve branch that affects the upper part of the face.
Maxillary nerve
Branches of the 5th cranial nerve affected by facial or lymphatic massage. 8 of them
Auriculotemporal nerve- external ear & skin above temple up to skull.
Infraorbital nerve- skin of the lower eyelid, side of nose, upper lip, mouth.
Infratrochlear Nerve - skin membrane of nose.
Mental Nerve -skin of the lower lip & chin.
Nasal Nerve -lower side of nose
Supraorbital nerve- skin of forehead, scalp, eyebrow, upper eyelid.
Supratrochlear nerve - skin between the eyes & upper side of the nose.
Zygomatic nerve -muscles upper part of neck.
The 7th cranial Nerve aka Facial Nerve
chief motor nerve of the face.
merges near the lower part of the ear & extends to the muscles of the neck.
control muscles of facial expression & secretions of saliva.
Most Important Branches of the facial nerve.
Buccal - muscles of mouth
Cervical - side of neck & platysma muscle
Mandibular -muscles of the chin & lower lip.
Posterior Auricular- muscle behind ear at base of the skull.
Temporal - muscles of temple, side of forehead, eyebrow, eyelid, upper part of the cheek.
Zygomatic -muscles upper part of neck
The Eleventh Cranial nerve AKA Accessory Nerve
Motor nerve that controls the motion of the neck & shld muscles.
Important because it is affected during facials, primarily w massage.
Branches of the 11th cranial nerve AKA Accessory Nerve
Cervical Cutaneous nerve- side of neck, affects front & sides of neck as far down as the breastbone.
*Greater auricular nerve- side of neck, affects the face, ears, neck & parotid gland.
*Greater occipital nerve - back of head, affects scalp as far up as the top of the head.
*Smaller Occipital Nerve AKA Lesser Occipital Nerve - base of skull, affects scalp & muscles behind the ear.
Nerves of the arms
Digital
Radial
Median
Ulnar
Digital Nerve
sensory motor nerve
with its branches supplies the fingers
Radial Nerve
Supplies the thumb side of the arm & back of hand
Ulnar Nerve
Affects little finger side of arms & palm of the hand.
Vagus Nerve
located abdominal cavity.
Nerve of Autonomic nervous system.
Reaction to trigger can cause sudden drop in blood pressure resulting in fainting
Circulatory System AKA
Cardiovascular System
Steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of the heart & blood vessels (veins, arteries)
The Heart
Bodys pump
Cone shape organ keeps blood moving within circulatory system
Heartbeat
Regulates by Vagus (10th cranial) nerve.
resting rate 72 to 80 times /min
Pulmonary Circulation
Carries blood from 💜 to 🫁 to be oxygenated.
Systematic Circulation
General circulation carries Oxygenated blood from 💜 through body & back to 💜
