chapter 2 Nervous system Flashcards
Neuron
send messages all over your body to allow you to do everything from breathing to talking, eating, walking, and thinking.
conscious response
a reaction to a sensory stimulus that involves awareness. The response is usually a voluntary, intentional reaction and you can control it in some degree.
e.g. picking up a water bottle, when you step outside and feel the air temperature, u will make the decision whether or not to get a jacket with u.
unconscious response
a reaction that does not involve awarenessIts unintentional, automatic and we cannot control it..
e.g digesting food, pumping blood
The Central Nervous system
Is comrpised of the brain and its extensions to the spinal cord
role of CNS
process info received form the body’s internal and externals environments and activate appropriate responses
-receice info
-process info
-coordinate a response to info
why can spinal cord result loss in brian body control?
the brain can lose both sensory input of control over the nbody.
the severity of feeling loss and paralysis deposnd on where the spinal cord is injured and the severity of the injury Generally the higer the spine the grater number of nerve connections between the brian are disturbed.
sensory function
demonstrated when someone touches your hands. The SNS sends signals about touch form the skin to your brain.the motor function of the SNS is demonstrated whether voluntary actions are performed.
spinal reflex
An unconscious automatic response controlled solely by neural circuits of the spinal cord.
-Its often offered spinal reflex cuz the responses to an incoming stimulus is automatically ‘reflected back’ from the spinal cord without any input from the brain and before the brain processes a conscious perception of the stimulus,
The immediate response at the spinal cord enables a faster reaction tije, a fraction of a second before sensory info reaches the brain.
synapse
communication that occurs between two different adjacent neurons
Neurotransmitters
chemical substance produced by a neuron that carries information to other neurons and cells in the muscles
type of neurotransmitter: Excitatory and inhibitory effect
1.Excitatory affect- neurotransmitter stimulates the postsnyaptic and make it more likely to fire e.g Glutamate
2. Inhibitory Effect- Nuurotransmitter depresses the activity of the postsynaptic neurons and makes it less likely to to fire e.g GABA
Glutamate
Is the mina excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS hences enhances information transmission by making postsynaptic neurons more likely to fire
Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA)
Primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS which enhances info transmission hence Makes postsynaptic (‘receiving’) neurons less likely to fire
Dopamine
Is a modulatory neurotransmitter known to have multiple functions depending on where in the brain it acts
It has important roles in:
Voluntary movements
Experience of pleasure
Motivation
Appetite
Reward-based learning
memory
Dopamine pathways
- Nigrostrial- messages that allow smooth, coordinated function of the body’s muscles and movements
- Mesolimbic/ mesocortical (overlap)- associated with rewarding behaviour through the experience of pleasure dopamine reward system
