AO3- Approaches to understanding learning Flashcards
Learning
a relativley permanent change in behaviour that occurs as a result of experiences
Conditioning
Learning process by which the behaviour of an organism becomes independent on an event or stimulus in the enviornment.
Classical Conditioning (CC)
Type of learning that occurs through the repeated association of two or more different stimuli.
Stimulus:
Any object or event that elicits (produces) a response from an organism.
Response
a reaction by an organism to a stimulus
The unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
Any stimulus that constantly produces a particular naturally occurring, automated response
In pavlow→ Food= UCS
Placement of nipple in a newborn infant’s mouths=UCS
The unconditioned response (UCR)
The response occurs automatically when UCS is presented.UCR is a reflective involuntary response that is caused by UCS.
In pavlo= salvation by the presence of food
The Neutral Stimulus (NS)
Any stimulus that does not normally produce a predictable response
IN pavlo dogs dont salivate by the bell
Conditioned Response (CS)
Stimulus that is -neutral’ at the start of the conditioning repsoonse but eventually produces a very similar response that is caused by the UCS
The conditioned Response (CR)
The learned or acquired response to the conditioned stimulus.
The three phase model of conditioning
Before, during, after
Acquisition
to describe the overall process during which an organsim learns to associate two events the NS and UCS.
Operant conditioning (OS)
learning process whereby the consequences of a behviour (rewards +punishments) determines the likehood that it will be perfomred again in the future.
Operant
any repsonse (or set of repsone) that acts on the enviornment to produce some kind of consequence.
The three phase model of Operant conditiong (ABC model)
Antecedent (A)= a stimulus that occurs before the behaviour
The behaviour (B) =that occurs due to the antecedent
Consequences (C)= To the behaviour