AO3- Approaches to understanding learning Flashcards

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1
Q

Learning

A

a relativley permanent change in behaviour that occurs as a result of experiences

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2
Q

Conditioning

A

Learning process by which the behaviour of an organism becomes independent on an event or stimulus in the enviornment.

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3
Q

Classical Conditioning (CC)

A

Type of learning that occurs through the repeated association of two or more different stimuli.

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4
Q

Stimulus:

A

Any object or event that elicits (produces) a response from an organism.

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5
Q

Response

A

a reaction by an organism to a stimulus

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6
Q

The unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

A

Any stimulus that constantly produces a particular naturally occurring, automated response

In pavlow→ Food= UCS
Placement of nipple in a newborn infant’s mouths=UCS

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7
Q

The unconditioned response (UCR)

A

The response occurs automatically when UCS is presented.UCR is a reflective involuntary response that is caused by UCS.

In pavlo= salvation by the presence of food

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8
Q

The Neutral Stimulus (NS)

A

Any stimulus that does not normally produce a predictable response

IN pavlo dogs dont salivate by the bell

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9
Q

Conditioned Response (CS)

A

Stimulus that is -neutral’ at the start of the conditioning repsoonse but eventually produces a very similar response that is caused by the UCS

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10
Q

The conditioned Response (CR)

A

The learned or acquired response to the conditioned stimulus.

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11
Q

The three phase model of conditioning

A

Before, during, after

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12
Q

Acquisition

A

to describe the overall process during which an organsim learns to associate two events the NS and UCS.

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13
Q

Operant conditioning (OS)

A

learning process whereby the consequences of a behviour (rewards +punishments) determines the likehood that it will be perfomred again in the future.

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14
Q

Operant

A

any repsonse (or set of repsone) that acts on the enviornment to produce some kind of consequence.

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15
Q

The three phase model of Operant conditiong (ABC model)

A

Antecedent (A)= a stimulus that occurs before the behaviour

The behaviour (B) =that occurs due to the antecedent

Consequences (C)= To the behaviour

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16
Q

Operant conditiong

A

a learning process whereby the consequences of a behaviour (rewards or punishments) determine the likelihood that it will be performed again in the future see also the three-phase model of operant conditioning.

17
Q

Antecedent

A

the enviornmental stimulus that prcedes relevant behaviour and identifies a conseqence.

18
Q

behaviour

A

Voluntary activity that affects the enviornment

19
Q

Consequences

A

the enviornmental event that follows the behaviour.
–> it occurs immediately after the relevant behabiour and has effect on the recurrnec of the behaviour.

20
Q

Reinforcement/ reinforcers

A

a process on any stimulus strengthens/ increases the frequency/likelihood of a response that it follows.

21
Q

Reinforce

A

to strengthen/ support an existing feeling, idea or habit

22
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

presentation of a positive reinforcer following a desired response.

23
Q

Positive reinforcer

A
  • stimulus that strengthens/increases the likelihood/frequency of a desired response. addution to a desirbale stimulus.
    E.G in the experiment the rats were conditioned to press a lever to obtain food This was used as a positive reinforcer for making correct responses- pressing the lever would achieve satisfying consequences when hungry.
24
Q
A