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Medical Terminology > Chapter 2 Medical Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Medical Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Abdonimal cavity

A

the cavity that contains the major organs of digestion

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2
Q

Adenectomy

A

the surgical removal of a gland

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3
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

a malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue

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4
Q

Adenoma

A

benign tumor that arises in/resembles glandular tissue

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5
Q

Adenomalacia

A

abnormal softening of a gland

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6
Q

Adenosclerosis

A

abnormal hardening of a gland

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7
Q

Anaplasia

A

a change in structure of cells and in their orientation to each other

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8
Q

Anatomy

A

study of structures of the human body

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9
Q

Anomaly

A

deviation from what is deemed normal

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10
Q

Anterior

A

situated in the front

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11
Q

Aplasia

A

the defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue

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12
Q

Bloodborne Transmission

A

the spread of disease through contact with blood or other bodily fluids contaminated with blood

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13
Q

Caudal

A

towards lower part of the body

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14
Q

Cephalic

A

towards the head

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15
Q

Chromosome

A

A genetic structure located within the nucleus

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16
Q

Communicable disease

A

any disease transmitted from person to person directly or by indirect contact with contaminated objects

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17
Q

Congenital Disease

A

an abnormal condition that exist at time of birth

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18
Q

Distal

A

farthest from midline

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19
Q

Dorsal

A

back or the body or organ

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20
Q

Dysplasia

A

abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs

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21
Q

Endemic

A

ongoing disease such as the common cold within a population or group of people

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22
Q

Endocrine Glands

A

glands that secrete hormones right into the bloodstream

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23
Q

Epidemic

A

sudden, widespread outbreak of disease within a specific population

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24
Q

Epigastric Region

A

located above the stomach

25
Q

Etiology

A

the study of the causes of disease

26
Q

Exocrine Glands

A

glands that secrete substances into ducts leading to other organs or out of the body

27
Q

Functional disorder

A

produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be defined

28
Q

Genetic Disorder

A

a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene

29
Q

Geriatrician

A

a physician who specializes in the care of eldery people

30
Q

Hemophilia

A

a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing

31
Q

Histology

A

The microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissue

32
Q

Homeostasis

A

The processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment

33
Q

Hyperplasia

A

the enlargement of an organ or tissue b/c of an abnormal increase in # of cells in tissue

34
Q

Hypertrophy

A

a general increase in the bulk of a body part due to an increase in SIZE of cells in tissue

35
Q

Hypogastric region

A

Region of abdomen located below the stomach

36
Q

Hypoplasia

A

incomplete development of an organ or tissue due to a deficiency in # of cells

37
Q

Iatrogenic illness

A

unfavorable response due to a prescribed medical treatment

38
Q

Idiopathic disorder

A

an illness without knowing the cause

39
Q

Inguinal

A

relating to the groin; entire lower portion of the abdomen

40
Q

Medial

A

toward the midline of the body

41
Q

Mesentary

A

the fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall

42
Q

Midsagittal Plane

A

the vertical plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves

43
Q

Nosocomial Infection

A

a disease in a hospital or clinical setting

44
Q

Pandemic

A

a disease outbreak occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide

45
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

the space formed by the hip bones that contains reproductive and excretory system

46
Q

Peritoneum

A

the multilayered membrane that protects and hold the organs in place within the abdominal cavity

47
Q

Peritointis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum

48
Q

Phenylketonuria

A

genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing

49
Q

Physiology

A

study of function of body structures

50
Q

Posterior

A

situate in the back or on the back part of an organ

51
Q

Proximal

A

Nearest or towards the midline

52
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

located being the peritoneum

53
Q

Stem cells

A

unspecialized cells that renew themselves for long periods of time though cell division

54
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

surrounds and protects the heart and lungs (chest cavity)

55
Q

Transverse plane

A

Horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower. parts

56
Q

Umbilicus

A

The pit in the center of the abdominal wall that marks where the umbilical cord attached before birth

57
Q

Vector-borne transmission

A

the spread of a disease due to the bite of a vector capable of transmitting a disease

58
Q

Ventral

A

Front or belly side of the body/organ

Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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