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Medical Terminology > Chapter 2 Cells/Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Cells/Tissue Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Cells

A

basic structural and functional units of the body that are specialized and grouped together

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2
Q

Cytology

A

Study of anatomy, physiology, pathology, and chemistry of the cell

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3
Q

Cytologist

A

a specialist in the study and analysis of cells

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4
Q

Cell membrane

A

tissue that surrounds and protects contents of the cell

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5
Q

Cytoplasm

A

material within the cell membrane, not part of the nuclues

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6
Q

Nucleus

A

surrounded by nuclear membrane, controls cells activity and helps cell divide

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7
Q

Stem cells

A

unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division

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8
Q

Somatic stem cells

A

undifferentiated cells found amoung differentiated cells that maintain and repair the tissue they are found in

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9
Q

Differentiated

A

specialized in function or structure

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10
Q

Undifferentiated

A

no specialized structure or function

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11
Q

Hemopoietic

A

blood forming tissue/cells

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12
Q

Graft vs Host disease

A

rejection of whatever is being donated

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13
Q

Embryonic stem cells

A

Undifferentiated cells that are unlike any other but can form ANY adult cell

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14
Q

Proliferate

A

grow rapidly

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15
Q

Gene

A

fundamental physcial and functional unit of heredity

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16
Q

Genetics

A

study of how genes are transmitted from parents to their children

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17
Q

Geneticist

A

specialist in genes

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18
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

group of inherited red blood cell disorders transmitted by the recessive gene

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19
Q

Genome

A

a complete set of genetic info of an organism

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20
Q

Chromosome

A

genetic structure located within the nucleus, made of DNA molecules containing the bodys genes

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21
Q

Somatic cells

A

any cell in the body except sex cells

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22
Q

Gamete

A

sex cell, only thing that doesnt have 46 chromosomes (23 instead)

23
Q

DNA

A

thousands of genes that provide info

24
Q

Helix

A

staircase shape

25
Q

Genetic/hereditary

A

pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene

26
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

genetic, present at birth, affects the respiratory and digestive systems

27
Q

Down syndromes

A

associated with appearance, learning disabilities, developmental delays, etc.

28
Q

Hemophilia

A

a group of hereditary bleeding disorders where the blood clot factor is missing

29
Q

Huntingtons disease

A

passed down with a 50/50 chance of inheritance; appears midlife and can affect movement and mental abilites

30
Q

Muscular Distrophy

A

progressive weakness and degenerative skeletal muscle control

31
Q

Histology

A

study of structure, function, and composition of tissues

32
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

protective covering over internal and external body surfaces

33
Q

Epithelium

A

forms epidermis of the skin and surface layer of mucous membrane

34
Q

Endotheliem

A

lines blood and lymphatic vessels, body cavities, glands and organs

35
Q

Connective tissue

A

support and connect organs to other body tissues

36
Q

Dense Connective

A

bone/cartilage; form framework

37
Q

Adipose

A

padding, insulation and support

38
Q

Loose connective

A

surrounds various organs and support both nerve cells and blood vessels

39
Q

Liquid connective

A

blood and lymph, transport nutrients and waste

40
Q

Aplasia

A

defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue

41
Q

Hypoplasia

A

incomplete development due to deficiency of cells

42
Q

Anaplasia

A

change in structure and orientation of cells in regards to one another

43
Q

Dysplasia

A

abnormal development/growth

44
Q

Hyperplasia

A

enlargement of organ tissue because of abnormal increase in number of cells

45
Q

Gland

A

specialized group of epithelial cells capable of secretions

46
Q

Secretions

A

substance produces in a gland

47
Q

Adenitis

A

inflammation of a gland

48
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

a malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue

49
Q

Adenoma

A

benign tumore in glandular tissue

50
Q

Adenomalacia

A

abnormal softening of a gland

51
Q

Adenosis

A

disease or condition of a gland

52
Q

Adenosclerosis

A

abnormal hardening of a gland

53
Q

Adenectomy

A

surgical removal of a gland

Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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