Chapter 2 Medical Terminology

Question 1

Inert

Answer 1

lacking the power to move

Question 2

Ions

Answer 2

atom with a positive or negative electric charge

Question 3

Ionic Bond

Answer 3

chemical bond formed by electron TRANSFER between atoms

Question 4

Covalent Bond

Answer 4

chemical bond formed by electron SHARING between atoms

Question 5

Polar

Answer 5

uneven distribution of positive and negative charges in small molecules

Question 6

Molecule

Answer 6

particle consisting of 2 or more atoms joined together by chemical bonds

Question 7

Compound

Answer 7

substance composed of 2 or more different elements, the atoms of which are chemically united

Question 8

Synthesis Reaction

Answer 8

a chemical reaction in which larger, more complex atoms or molecules are formed from simpler ones

Question 9

Decomposition Reaction

Answer 9

chemical reaction in which a molecule is broken down into smaller molecules or its constituent atoms

Question 10

Catalyst

Answer 10

substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself becoming chemically changed or part of the product

Question 11

Electrolyte

Answer 11

chemical substances that ionize and dissociate in water and are capable of conducting an electrical current

Question 12

Acid

Answer 12

a substance that releases hydrogen ions when in solution; a proton donor

Question 13

Base

Answer 13

a substance capable of binding with hydrogen ions; a proton acceptor

Question 14

pH

Answer 14

the measure of acidity or alkalinity

Question 15

Buffer

Answer 15

chemical substance or system that minimizes changes in pH releasing or binding hydrogen ions

Question 16

Carbohydrate

Answer 16

organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes starches, sugars, and cellulose

Question 17

Monosaccharide

Answer 17

one sugar

Question 18

Disaccharide

Answer 18

2 sugar

Question 19

Polysaccharide

Answer 19

many sugars; a polymer of linked monosaccharides

Question 20

Lipids

Answer 20

organic compound formed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; fats & cholesterol

Question 21

Phospholipids

Answer 21

modified lipid, contains phosphorus

Question 22

Steriod

Answer 22

group of chemical substances including certain hormones and cholesterol; they are fat soluble and contain little oxygen

Question 23

Protein

Answer 23

complex substance containing carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen; composes 10-30% of cell mass

Question 24

Nucleic Acids

Answer 24

class of organic molecules that includes DNA & RNA

Question 25

RNA

Answer 25

nucleic acid that contains ribose and the bases A, G, C, and U. carries out DNA’s instructions for protein synthesis

Question 26

DNA

Answer 26

a nucleic acid found in all living cells; it carries the organism’s hereditary information

Question 27

di-

Answer 27

2

ex: disaccharide

Question 28

glyc-

Answer 28

sugar

ex: glyceral

Question 29

lip-

Answer 29

fat

ex: lipolysis

Question 30

-lyt

Answer 30

break down

ex: osteolytic

Question 31

mono-

Answer 31

one

ex: monosaccharide

Question 32

poly-

Answer 32

many

ex: polysaccharide

Question 33

sacchar-

Answer 33

sugar

ex: saccharide

Question 34

syn-

Answer 34

together

ex: syndrome