Chapter 1 Medical Terminology Flashcards by Madison Eudy

Anatomy

study of the structure of living organisms

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Physiology

study of the functions of living organisms

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Metabolism

sum total of the chemical reactions occuring in the body

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Homeostasis

maintenance of a stable internal environment

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Negative Feedback

output of the system shuts off the original stimulus/reduced its intensity

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Axial

head, neck, and trunk

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Appendicular

relating to the limbs

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Parietal

the walls of a cavity

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Visceral

pertaining to an internal organ of the body or the inner part of the structure

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Superior

toward the head/upper body

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Inferior

toward the lower/tail end

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Anterior (Ventral)

toward the front

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Posterior (Dorsal)

toward the back; behind

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Medial

toward the midline of the body

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Lateral

relating to the side

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Bilateral

relating to BOTH the right and left sides of the body

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Ipsilateral

situated on the same side

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Contralateral

relating to the opposite side

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Proximal

toward the attached end of the limb

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Distal

away from the attached end of the limb

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Superficial

located near the surface of the body

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Deep

extending inward from the outer surface of the body

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Sagittal

divides the body into right and left portions

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Transverse

divides the body into superior and inferior portions

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Frontal

divides the body into anterior and posterior sections

abdominal

abdomen

acromial

shoulder

anterbrachial

forearm

antercubital

front of elbow

axillary

armpit

brachial

arm

buccal

cheek

carpal

wrist

celiac

abdominal cavity

cephalic

head

cervical

neck

costal

rib

coxal

hip

crural

leg

cubital

elbow

digital

finger/toe

dorsal

back

femoral

thigh

frontal

forehead

genital

reproductive organs

gluteal

buttocks

inguinal

groin

lumber

lower back

mammary

breast

mental

chin

nasal

nose

occipital

back of head

oral

mouth

orbital

eye cavity

palmar

palm

patellar

front of knee

pectoral

chest

pedal

foot

pelvic

pelvis

perineal

rectum

plantar

sole

popliteal

back of knee

sacral

between hips

sternal

sternum

sural

calf

tarsal

instep

umbilical

naval

vertebral

spinal column

append-

attach | example: appended a diagram to the instructions

cardi-

heard | ex: cardiogram

cran-

skull | ex: cranium

dors-

back | ex: dorsum

homeo-

similar | ex: homeopathy

-logy

science or study of | ex: biology

meta-

beyond; change | ex: metabolism

pariet-

wall | ex: parietal membrane

pelv-

hip bone | ex: pelvis

peri-

around | ex: perineurium

pleur-

rib | ex: pleural cavity

-stasis

level; unchanged | ex: homeostasis

-tomy

incision | ex: laparotomy

epidemiology

a branch of medical science that deals with the disease in population

geriatrics

a branch of medicine that deals with problems and disease of old age

gerontology

the study of aging and the problems of the aged

pathology

the study of the essential nature of disease and the structural and functional changes produces by disease

pharmacology

the science of drugs including their origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use, and toxicology

radiology

a branch of medicine concerned with the use of radiant energy in the diagnosis and treatment of disease

toxicology

the scientific study of the adverse effects of chemical substance on the living organism