Chapter 2 Mats.

Question 1

electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 1

gamma-X-UV-vis-IR-micro

wavelength inc from left to right

Question 2

velocity formula

Answer 2

frequency/wavelength

Question 3

visible light spectrum wavelength

Answer 3

.4-.7 (reflected light)

Question 4

infrared wavelength

Answer 4

10-12 (emitted light)

Question 5

water vapor wavelength

Answer 5

6.5-6.9 (emitted IR light)

Question 6

is the sun a massive star?

Answer 6

it is big, but an average sized star all in all

Question 7

intensity distribution

Answer 7

the intensity of EM radiation at a given wavelength

Question 8

% of sun’s UV that is absorved

Answer 8

70%

Question 9

% of sun’s UV that is reflected & scattered

Answer 9

30%

Question 10

what is albedo

Answer 10

lost/total

Question 11

what scatters more, blue or red?

Answer 11

blue

-this is why sunsets are so red, vibrant

Question 12

what is earth’s albedo

Answer 12

30/100 = 30%

Question 13

what is the heat budget concept

Answer 13

there is a balance of heat: total incoming from sun=total outgoing

Question 14

latitude determines what in terms of energy?

Answer 14

based on your latitude, there could be an energy surplus or deficit

Question 15

earth’s rotation

Answer 15

spinning on the axis

-takes 24 hrs

Question 16

earth’s orbit

Answer 16

around the sun

-365 days

Question 17

perihelion

Answer 17

closest to sun

Question 18

aphelion

Answer 18

farthest from sun

Question 19

what affects the amount of solar energy that reaches earth?

Answer 19

angle (alt.) of the sun above the horizon

Question 20

noon solar time

Answer 20

sun highest in the sky

Question 21

what happens when sun has high angle on earth?

Answer 21

sunburn

-shadow rule

Question 22

what would happen if axis wasn’t inclined?

Answer 22

no seasons

Question 23

summer solstice

Answer 23

tropic of cancer at 23.5 north latitude

Question 24

winter solstice

Answer 24

tropic of capricorn

-23.5 south latitude

Question 25

autumnal equiniox

Answer 25

sept. 22/23 | - axis tilted neither towards nor away from sun

Question 26

spring equinox

Answer 26

march 21/22 | -axis tilted neither towards nor away from sun

Question 27

energy

Answer 27

ability for work

Question 28

kinetic energy

Answer 28

energy associated with another object causing that energy | -hammer

Question 29

potential energy

Answer 29

potential or capacity to do work

Question 30

temperature definition

Answer 30

measure of average kinetic energy of the atoms/molecules of the substance

Question 31

heat

Answer 31

energy transferred into or our of an object | -total kinetic energy

Question 32

is evaporation a cooling or heating process? why?

Answer 32

cooling process bc it removes heat from the environment

Question 33

what is latent heat

Answer 33

the energy required to convert a solid into a liquid, or a liquid into a vapor, without a temperature change

Question 34

what does condensation do

Answer 34

returns energy to the environment | -warming process

Question 35

conduction

Answer 35

molecule to molecule transfer of heat

Question 36

convection

Answer 36

heat transfer involving the movement of circulation of a substance

Question 37

is convection vertical or horizontal

Answer 37

vertical

Question 38

advection

Answer 38

horizontal heat transfer via circulation of a substance

Question 39

radiation

Answer 39

transfers thermal energy thru vacuum of space

Question 40

whats responsible for solar energy reaching earth

Answer 40

radiation

Question 41

visible light

Answer 41

violet (0.4) to red (0.7)

Question 42

Infrared radiation

Answer 42

detected as heat (not visible)

Question 43

UV radiation

Answer 43

sunburns

Question 44

what has more energy, shorter wavelengths or longer wavelengths?

Answer 44

shorter (more frequent)

Question 45

what three things can happen to solar radiation

Answer 45

transmission, absorption, reflection & scattering

Question 46

albedo

Answer 46

fraction of light that is reflected by an object

Question 47

what process causes blue skies and red sunsets?

Answer 47

selective scattering of solar radiation

Question 48

what kind of particles produce red sunsets

Answer 48

small particles

Question 49

what kind of particles cause a white/grey sky

Answer 49

large particles

Question 50

is solar energy an effective heater of the environment?

Answer 50

no, since the atmosphere is nearly transparent to solar radiation

Question 51

where is the atmospheric window for IR radiation

Answer 51

8 to 10 wavelength

Question 52

what kind of gases absorb long wavelength radiation

Answer 52

greenhouse gases - water vapor - carbon dioxide

Question 53

greenhouse effect

Answer 53

warms the surface and lower atmosphere

Question 54

what balances the incoming solar radiation

Answer 54

quantity of long wavelength radiation that is radiated back to space

Question 55

what drives earth's weather system

Answer 55

transfer of surplus heat b/w tropics and poles