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Atmosphere > Chapter 2 Mats. > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Mats. Flashcards

WIN!

1
Q

electromagnetic spectrum

A

gamma-X-UV-vis-IR-micro

wavelength inc from left to right

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2
Q

velocity formula

A

frequency/wavelength

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3
Q

visible light spectrum wavelength

A

.4-.7 (reflected light)

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4
Q

infrared wavelength

A

10-12 (emitted light)

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5
Q

water vapor wavelength

A

6.5-6.9 (emitted IR light)

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6
Q

is the sun a massive star?

A

it is big, but an average sized star all in all

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7
Q

intensity distribution

A

the intensity of EM radiation at a given wavelength

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8
Q

% of sun’s UV that is absorved

A

70%

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9
Q

% of sun’s UV that is reflected & scattered

A

30%

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10
Q

what is albedo

A

lost/total

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11
Q

what scatters more, blue or red?

A

blue

-this is why sunsets are so red, vibrant

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12
Q

what is earth’s albedo

A

30/100 = 30%

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13
Q

what is the heat budget concept

A

there is a balance of heat: total incoming from sun=total outgoing

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14
Q

latitude determines what in terms of energy?

A

based on your latitude, there could be an energy surplus or deficit

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15
Q

earth’s rotation

A

spinning on the axis

-takes 24 hrs

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16
Q

earth’s orbit

A

around the sun

-365 days

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17
Q

perihelion

A

closest to sun

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18
Q

aphelion

A

farthest from sun

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19
Q

what affects the amount of solar energy that reaches earth?

A

angle (alt.) of the sun above the horizon

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20
Q

noon solar time

A

sun highest in the sky

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21
Q

what happens when sun has high angle on earth?

A

sunburn

-shadow rule

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22
Q

what would happen if axis wasn’t inclined?

A

no seasons

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23
Q

summer solstice

A

tropic of cancer at 23.5 north latitude

24
Q

winter solstice

A

tropic of capricorn

-23.5 south latitude

25
Q

autumnal equiniox

A

sept. 22/23

- axis tilted neither towards nor away from sun

26
Q

spring equinox

A

march 21/22

-axis tilted neither towards nor away from sun

27
Q

energy

A

ability for work

28
Q

kinetic energy

A

energy associated with another object causing that energy

-hammer

29
Q

potential energy

A

potential or capacity to do work

30
Q

temperature definition

A

measure of average kinetic energy of the atoms/molecules of the substance

31
Q

heat

A

energy transferred into or our of an object

-total kinetic energy

32
Q

is evaporation a cooling or heating process? why?

A

cooling process bc it removes heat from the environment

33
Q

what is latent heat

A

the energy required to convert a solid into a liquid, or a liquid into a vapor, without a temperature change

34
Q

what does condensation do

A

returns energy to the environment

-warming process

35
Q

conduction

A

molecule to molecule transfer of heat

36
Q

convection

A

heat transfer involving the movement of circulation of a substance

37
Q

is convection vertical or horizontal

A

vertical

38
Q

advection

A

horizontal heat transfer via circulation of a substance

39
Q

radiation

A

transfers thermal energy thru vacuum of space

40
Q

whats responsible for solar energy reaching earth

A

radiation

41
Q

visible light

A

violet (0.4) to red (0.7)

42
Q

Infrared radiation

A

detected as heat (not visible)

43
Q

UV radiation

A

sunburns

44
Q

what has more energy, shorter wavelengths or longer wavelengths?

A

shorter (more frequent)

45
Q

what three things can happen to solar radiation

A

transmission, absorption, reflection & scattering

46
Q

albedo

A

fraction of light that is reflected by an object

47
Q

what process causes blue skies and red sunsets?

A

selective scattering of solar radiation

48
Q

what kind of particles produce red sunsets

A

small particles

49
Q

what kind of particles cause a white/grey sky

A

large particles

50
Q

is solar energy an effective heater of the environment?

A

no, since the atmosphere is nearly transparent to solar radiation

51
Q

where is the atmospheric window for IR radiation

A

8 to 10 wavelength

52
Q

what kind of gases absorb long wavelength radiation

A

greenhouse gases

  • water vapor
  • carbon dioxide
53
Q

greenhouse effect

A

warms the surface and lower atmosphere

54
Q

what balances the incoming solar radiation

A

quantity of long wavelength radiation that is radiated back to space

55
Q

what drives earth’s weather system

A

transfer of surplus heat b/w tropics and poles

Atmosphere (4 decks)

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