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Atmosphere > Chapter 1 Mats > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Mats Flashcards

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1
Q

whats the diameter of the earth (mi)

A

7,900 mi

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2
Q

diameter of earth (km)

A

12,750 km

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3
Q

how long is orbit of geostationary satellite?

A

one day

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4
Q

length of orbit of polar orbiting weather satellites

A

100 minutes

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5
Q

do noctilucent clouds influence the weather

A

no

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6
Q

where are the clouds that influence the weather

A

troposphere

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7
Q

how can we see high altitude clouds

A

reflection of light from the sun (illuminates)

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8
Q

why is there a thickness difference in the tropopause, depending on your location on earth?

A

earth’s rotation

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9
Q

weather

A

atmospheric state at a given time and place

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10
Q

climate

A

generalization of weather conditions

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11
Q

what determines climate

A

all weather data for a specific region

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12
Q

can climate data predict the weather

A

no!

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13
Q

hypothesis

A

proposed explanation for some phenomenon

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14
Q

theory

A

well tested and widely accepted view that explains certain facts/observation

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15
Q

what are two functions of the atmosphere?

A
  1. provides air we breathe

2. protects from sun’s UV rays

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16
Q

hydrosphere

A

evaporating mass that goes from oceans to atmosphere

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17
Q

lithosphere

A

the ground

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18
Q

biosphere

A

life

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19
Q

nitrogen abundance %

A

78%

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20
Q

oxygen %

A

21%

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21
Q

argon %

A

1%

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22
Q

where is the ozone concentration

A

stratosphere

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23
Q

distance from sun

A

93 million miles

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24
Q

what is atmospheric pressure

A

the weight above of the air above

25
Q

atm pressure unit of measure

A

millibar (mb)

26
Q

in regards to pressure, what happens with an increase in altitude?

A

rate of pressure decreases

27
Q

where are the majority of earth’s gases present?

A

earth’s surface

28
Q

what are the 4 layers divided by?

A

temperature

29
Q

trosphere

A

where we live

-avg temps dec w/ inc in alt.

30
Q

environmental lapse rate

A

temperature decrease in the tropopause

-“normal lapse rate”

31
Q

how high up is the tropopause

A

12 km

32
Q

what is above the tropopause

A

stratosphere

33
Q

stratosphere

A

higher temperatures due to ozone concentration (absorbs UV)

34
Q

where is there a temperature inversion, and why?

A

stratosphere, b/c cold air lies below warm air

35
Q

whats above the stratosphere

A

mesosphere

36
Q

mesosphere

A

temps decrease with inc in alt. until mesopause

  • cold
  • hasn’t been explored much
37
Q

mesopause height

A

80 km

38
Q

stratopause height

A

50 km

39
Q

whats above mesopause pause

A

thermosphere

40
Q

thermosphere

A

temperatures increase, no top boundary

-tiny fraction of earth’s mass

41
Q

temperature definition

A

avg. speed at which molecules move

42
Q

ionosphere

A

has auroras

43
Q

what powers earth’s system

A

the sun

heat from earth’s core

44
Q

shape of earth

A

oblate spheroid

45
Q

what’re the three constant gases

A

nitrogen, oxygen, argon

46
Q

pressure formula

A

force/area supporting the force

47
Q

area of sphere

A

4pir^2

48
Q

how to find F from C

A

9/5(temp of C) + 32 degrees

49
Q

F boiling/freezing

A

212, 32

50
Q

C boiling/freezing

A

100, 0

51
Q

how to find K from C

A

C + 273

52
Q

where do F and C meet

A

-40 degrees

53
Q

speed of light

A

300 million m/s

54
Q

speed formula

A

wavelength*frequency

55
Q

what is the perfect emitter

A

a blackbody

56
Q

if its a good emitter, then its a good____

A

absorber

57
Q

where is the sun

A

on the main sequence

58
Q

Stephan boatsman law

A

E=esigmaabs temp^4

  • e is emissivity, blackbody 1
  • e ranges from 0 to 1

Atmosphere (4 decks)

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