Chapter 2 - Materials and the environment Flashcards
Stages of a Product Life Cycle
- Concept
- Design
- Development
- Manufacture
- Market
- Use
- End of Life
Design Considerations / What Industrial designer need to mind
- Functionality and performance
- Manufacturability, logistics
- Reliability, safety
- Cost, market penetration
How can materials selection help to achieve an EcoDesign 1
- Lightweight- ‘ing’
- Avoiding toxic and hazardous substances
- Avoiding ozone-depleting substances
- Avoiding or minimizing the production of greenhouse gases
- Types of flame retardant
- Reducing material variety
End of Life - Physical Life
Meaning the time in which the product breaks down beyond economic repair
End of Life - Functional Life
Meaning the time when the need for it ceases to exist
End of Life - Technical Life
Meaning the time at which advances in technology have made the product unacceptably obsolete
End of Life - Economical Life
Meaning the time at which advances in design and technology offer the same functionality at significantly lower operating cost
End of Life - Legal Life
The time at which new standards, directives, legislation or restrictions make the use of the product illegal
End of Life - Loss Of Desirability
The time at which changes in taste, fashion, or aesthetic preference render the product unattractive
How can materials selection help to achieve an EcoDesign 2
- Using recyclable materials
- Using compatible materials
- Reducing the use of composites
- Considering the type of fibre used for material reinforcement
- Minimizing the use additives
- Use of biodegradable materials
How can materials selection help to achieve an EcoDesign 3
- Product design
- Process Design
- End of Life Options
- Communication
- Distribution
- Reduction of Impacts During Production Use
Drivers for eco-design
- Focus on carbon footprint by government
- Legislation
- Incentives
- Urge for “responsible” manufacture
- Doing more with less money
How is the LCA?
Expensive, and requires great detail and experience - and even then is subject to uncertainty
Embodied Energy of a material
Is the energy that must be committed to create 1kg of usable material
What is the Young’s Modulus
Measure of stiffness of an elastic material
- More stiff the material, greater the young modulus
- Determines its elasticity or stiffness
