Chapter 2: Lesson 2

Question 1

FORERUNNERS OF SCIENTIFIC METHODS OF DETECTING DECEPTION:

Answer 1

A. Hypnotism
B. The Word Association Test
C. The Truth Serum Method
D. Narco-Analysis / Narco-Synthesis
E. Intoxication
F. The Psychological Stress Evaluator
G. Use of 5 wives and 1 husband

Question 2

These effect produced were attributed to the state of mind of a subject whereby he is set up, and thereby instructed to sit quietly and gaze at flashing light or shiny object tangled in front of his eyes and to cooperate w/ whatever the hypnotist would like him to do

Answer 2

HYPNOTISM

Question 3

An Australian Physician who believe in animal magnetism, by which in his own electro- magnetism, therapeutic effect influenced other person. He Introduced Hypnotism in 1778.

Answer 3

Franz (Friedrich) Anton Mesmer (1734-1815)

Question 4

• It lack of general scientific acceptance of the reliability in asserting the truth from falseness.

• The possibility that the subject will deliberately fabricate.

• The state of mind and professionalism of the examiner are too subjective to permit admissibility of the expert testimony.

Answer 4

Hypnotism

Question 5

Is Hypnotism Admissible In Court?

Answer 5

1. It lack of general scientific acceptance of the reliability of hypnosis in asserting the truth from falseness.
2. The possibility that the hypnotized subject will be deliberately fabricate.
3. The prospect that the state of heightened suggestibility in which the hypnotized subject is suspended will produce distortion of the fact rather than truth.
4. The state of mind and professionalism of the examiner are too subjective to permit admissibility of the expert testimony.

Question 6

Requirements to be an Expert Witness:

Answer 6

• Bachelor degree / specialization
• Actual practice/experience

Question 7

This method is done by giving a subject a long list of carefully selected stimulus words or objects with other pictures combined with other relevant words, objects or pictures with an instruction to respond with the very first word that may come to subject’s mind.

Answer 7

THE WORD ASSOCIATION TEST

Question 8

The theory behind this method is that, one word or idea is reflective of another word or idea and the expression of their association forms a meaningful picture

Answer 8

THE WORD ASSOCIATION TEST

Question 9

An English Scientist and anthropometrist who introduced the Word Association Test in 1879

Answer 9

Sir Francis Galton (1822-1961)

Question 10

• A Swiss Psychologist and Psychiatrist and the founder of the analytical psychology

• developed Word Association Test; was able to observe how the thinking reactions were linked into the emotional habit of this subject.

Answer 10

Dr. Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961)

Question 11

This method is based on the theory that intervention through interrogation is made possible after dosage of drugs has been appropriately administered, w/c depresses the cerebral activity to a point of unconsciousness, an influence called as the “House Receptive Stage” or the “Twilight Zone”. On this condition the subject is half sleep

Answer 11

THE TRUTH SERUM METHOD

Question 12

• The objective of this test is to extract from the subconscious mind of the subject the stored contents of the mind called “Memory”
• When the proper point is reach, the questions were answered by the suspect truthfully. He will disclose everything evasiveness.

Answer 12

THE TRUTH SERUM METHOD

Question 13

a drug that is usually administered hypodermically to the subject in repeated doses until the state of delirium is induce.

Answer 13

HYSCINE HYDROBROMIDE

Question 14

TRUTH SERUM is considered most favorable and effective if all the following conditions proper to the conduct of the test will be observed

Answer 14

a) Must be performed by skilled experimenter

b) Subject express his consent to undergo the test

c) The dosage of the drug injected/ administered is sufficient

d) Sufficient time during the test

e) Assurance of result is acquired to determine truth / deception.

▲ This is not admissible as evidence in court because its nature is involuntary.

Question 15

Drug administered to the subject during in NARCO-ANALYSIS/NARCO-SYNTHESIS

Answer 15

SODIUM AMYTAL / SODIUM PENTOTHAL

Question 16

▲ By means of drinking alcohol beverages as stimuli to obtain truth on the part of the part of the subject.

▲ When under the influence of alcohol, the power of control is said to be diminished; thus the subject will tend to tell everything he knows.

Answer 16

INTOXICATION

Question 17

▲ Confession made by the subject while intoxicated is admissible if…

Answer 17

…he is physically able to recollect the facts and state them truly and exactly even after the influence or “spirit” of alcohol has disappeared

Question 18

• It detects, measures and graphically displays the voice modulations that we cannot hear.

• When a person is relaxed and responding honestly to the question, those inaudible frequencies are registered clearly on the instrument.

• An oral test of about 12-15 YES or NO questions is given w/c is recorded on a tape recorder. The questions are mixture of relevant and irrelevant questions.

• Immediately following the test or are a late time, the tape is processed through this for analysis of answer.

• If stress is indicated, the subject is given authority to provide additional clarification. A reset is given to verify correction and clarification.

Answer 18

The PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS EVALUATOR

Question 19

• When the person speaks, there are audible voice frequencies, and super imposed on these are the inaudible frequency modulations w/c are products of minute fluctuations of the muscles or micro tremor occur at the rate of _________ and controlled by the central nervous system.

• But when the person is under stress, as when he is lying, these frequencies tend to disappear.

Answer 19

8-14 per second

Question 20

What are the methods of detecting deception thru regular police work?

Answer 20

By the use of “five wives and one husband:
1. What
2. When
3. Where
4. Who
5. Why
6. How

Question 21

What are the so called 3 I’s ?

Answer 21

• Information gathering
• Investigation
• Instrumentation

Question 22

TO BE ADMISSIBLE IN COURT, RESULTS OF POLYGRAPH EXAMINATION MUST HAVE OBSERVED THE FOLLOWING:

Answer 22

1) THE REQUESTING PARTY SHOULD PERSUADE /CONVINCE THE TRIAL JUDGE REGARDING THE ADMISSIBILITY OR RELIABILITY OF THE RESULT OF POLYGRAPH EXAMINATION

2) BOTH PARTIES SHOULD HAVE A WRITTEN CONSENT/ AGREEMENT TO CONDUCT POLYGRAPH EXAMINATION; TOGETHER WITH PERSON THAT WILL UNDERGO THE EXAMINATION

3) CROSS-EXAMINATION CAN BE CONDUCTED BY THE LAWYER OF THE OPPOSING PARTY / REQUESTING PARTY