Chapter 2: Lecture 2 Flashcards
3 aims of the spanish colonization
GOLD, GLORY, GOD
Lecture 2:
The Philippines under Spanish Colonial Regime
The Spanish were driven by a desire for wealth and sought to acquire gold and other
precious metals from the lands they conquered.
gold
Spanish conquistadors sought personal glory and fame through their conquests, hoping
to be remembered as heroes and leaders
glory
The Spanish believed it was their religious duty to spread Christianity to the indigenous
peoples they encountered, often through force and conversion
god
The Spanish King appointed a governor-general as the highest authority in the Philippines. The governor-general had broad powers, including the ability to appoint and remove officials, collect taxes, and administer justice
Centralized Government
The government was organized in a hierarchical structure,
with officials at various levels reporting to their superiors. This ensured that the
Spanish Crown maintained control over the colonies.
Hierarchical Structure
At the local level, Spanish officials governed the different regions of
the Philippines. These officials were responsible for maintaining order, collecting taxes,
and enforcing Spanish laws.
Local Government
While the Spanish established their own system of government, they also incorporated some elements of indigenous governance. This
included the use of local chiefs and elders to assist in governing their communities.
Indigenous Governance
: The highest authority in the Philippines, appointed by the Spanish King
Governor General or “President”
A court of law with both judicial and administrative functions. It was
composed of judges appointed by the King.
Audiencia or “The Jury’
The chief civil and military official of a province or district.
Alcalde Mayor or “The Governor”
: The local governing body of a city or town. It was composed of elected officials
Cabildo
A Spanish grantee who was given control over a piece of land and the
indigenous people living on it.
Encomendero or “Lord of the Land”
The religious leader of a parish, responsible for overseeing the spiritualwell-being of the local population
Parish Priest or “Divine Theory”
The chief executive officer of a municipality.
Alcalde or “Mayor”
A local official who assisted the alcalde in governing a municipality.
teniente or “vice mayor”
is a compilation of laws and ordinances that the
Spanish Crown promulgated to regulate life in its American colonies. Essentially, it was a legal
code that covered everything from political and administrative organization to matters such as
economics, religion, and the rights of indigenous people.
Recopilacion De Leyes De Las Indias
Taxes before
Tributo
Impose and collect revenue for public purpose
Taxes / Tributo
one family paid the tribute amounting ___________. If unmarried on-half of the tribute
Before, eight reales or one peso
it was increased into ten reales
1589
- it was increased into twelve reales
1851
Abolished and was replaced with a personal cedula tax
1884
was a system of forced labor imposed by the Spanish colonial government in the
Philippines. It required Filipino men between the ages of 16 and 60 to work for a period of 40
days each year on public projects, such as building roads, bridges, and fortifications
Bandala
This was the most common form of forced labor, requiring Filipino men between the ages
of 16 and 60 to work for a period of 40 days each year on public projects
polo
: This was a type of forced labor that required Filipinos to work in the Spanish government’s farms and “plantations”. Tobacco
Polistas
This was a term used to refer to the forced labor system in general,
encompassing both polo and polistas.
-paying to not work
Falla or Fala
Galleon Trade
Mexico and Philippines
Imports on galleon trade
silver, gold, and other goods
exports on the galleon trade
silk, porcelain, spices, tobacco
is a term used in Spanish colonial Philippines to refer to charitable works or pious foundations.
Obra Pias
The encomienda system had two main components:
- Land Grant (Royal)
- Labor Tribute (Private)
The Spanish conquistador was granted a specific amount of land, whichwas typically populated by indigenous people.
Land Grant (Royal)
The indigenous people living on the encomienda were required to
provide labor services to the Spanish encomendero. This could involve working in agriculture, mining, or other tasks
Labor Tribute (Private)
is a Spanish-language catechism or religious instruction book that
was widely used in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. It was designed to teach
the Catholic faith to the indigenous population, particularly children
Doctrina Christiana
The various missionaries who used their religious
influence to facilitate the teaching of Gospel and propagation of Catholic Christian faith
- The Augustinians (1565)
- The Franciscans (1577)
- The Jesuits (1581)
- The Dominicans (1587)
- The Recollects (1606)
SOCIAL CLASSES:
- Peninsulares
- Insulares
- Illustrados
- Chinese/Spanish Mestizos
- Indio
- Sangley
Full-blooded Spanish living in the Philippines and born in Spain.
- Peninsulares
Full-blooded Spanish living in the Philippines and born in the Philippines as well
- Insulares
Wealthy group of individuals born in the Philippines and were able to study abroad (The enlightened ones)
Ilustrados
- People with mixed racial origins and economically
sufficient.
Mestizos
Native/Full Blooded Filipinos
Indio
- People with mixed racial origins and economically sufficient.
Sangley
1st governor general
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
When did baptism started in the Philippines?
March 31, 1521
