Chapter 2 Lecture Flashcards
2.1 Contrast the location of the central and peripheral nervous system
2.2 Describe the structures of a neuron, including their general function.
2.3 Differentiate functions of supporting cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems
2.4 Describe the features and importance of the blood-brain barrier
2.5 Explain neural communication in withdrawal reflexes
2.6 Contrast resting potential, hyperpolarization, depolarization, and the action potential in neurons.
2.7 Summarize the contributions of diffusion, electrostatic force, and the sodium-potassium pump toward establishing membrane potential.
2.8 Summarize the series of ion movements during the action potential
2.9 Describe the propagation of action potential
2.10 Describe the structures and functions of presynaptic cells that involved in synaptic communication
2.11 Describe neurotransmitter receptors
2.12 Contrast ionotropic and metabotropic receptors
2.13 Compare the functions of EPSPs and IPSP in postsynaptic cells
2.14 Explain how postsynaptic potentials are terminated
2.15 Summarize the process of neural integration of EPSPs and IPSPs
2.16 Differentiate between the locations and functions of autoreceptors and postsynaptic receptors
2.17 Identify the function of axoaxonic synapses
2.18 Describe examples of non-synaptic communication
What is a multipolar neuron?
“It has multiple dendritic trees”
What is the soma
cell body- where the dna is located
Dendrites
A branched, treelike structure attached to the soma of a neuron; receives information from the terminal buttons of other neurons.
axon
The long, thin, cylindrical structure that conveys information from the soma to its terminal buttons
Myelin
A sheath that surrounds axons and insulates them, preventing messages from spreading between adjacent axons.
-It allows messages to travel faster along the axon
Terminal(axon Terminal) Buttons
this is where we transmit the signal
Neurotransmitter
A chemical that is released by the terminal button; has an excitatory or inhibitory effect on another neuron.
axoplasmic transport
An active process by which substances are propelled along microtubules that run the length of the axon.
what are the three types of neurons
multipolar, bipolar, & monopolar
what is a bipolar neuron?
it only has ONE dendritic tree
what is a monopolar neuron?
has two divided axons
glial cells
the glue cells. “these cells have been neglected”
astrocytes
a glial cell that provides “PHYSICAL” support for neurons of the central nervous system, provides nutrients and other substances, and regulates the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid.
-support: (1) hold the neuron in place (2) hold the blood vessel in place
-clean-up: Phagocytosis - completely engulf dead neurons and digesting them. *sometimes they end up staying in place after they engulf another dead neuron- it looks like scar tissue on a mri
-Chemical composition & regulation (for example: help converting glucose
-nourishment- growth factors
Microglia
the smallest of glial cells; they act as phagocytes and protect the brain from invading microorganisms
