Chapter 2: Kinetic Particle Theory

Question 1

What are the three states of matter?

Answer 1

Solid, liquid, and gas.

Question 2

Describe the arrangement of particles in a solid.

Answer 2

Particles are very closely packed in an orderly manner.

Question 3

How are particles arranged in a liquid?

Answer 3

Closely packed in a disorderly manner.

Question 4

How are particles arranged in a gas?

Answer 4

Very far apart in a disorderly manner.

Question 5

Compare the energy of particles in solids, liquids, and gases.

Answer 5

Solids have very low energy, liquids have low energy, and gases have high energy.

Question 6

What is the strength of attractive forces between particles in a solid?

Answer 6

Very strong.

Question 7

What is the strength of attractive forces between particles in a liquid?

Answer 7

Less strong.

Question 8

What is the strength of attractive forces between particles in a gas?

Answer 8

Very weak.

Question 9

How do particles move in a solid?

Answer 9

Particles vibrate about fixed positions and are unable to overcome strong forces of attraction.

Question 10

How do particles move in a liquid?

Answer 10

Particles slide past one another freely and can partially overcome the forces of attraction.

Question 11

How do particles move in a gas?

Answer 11

Particles move quickly and randomly in all directions, completely overcoming the forces of attraction.

Question 12

What is the shape of a solid?

Answer 12

Definite.

Question 13

What is the shape of a liquid?

Answer 13

Indefinite.

Question 14

What is the shape of a gas?

Answer 14

Indefinite.

Question 15

What is the volume of a solid?

Answer 15

Definite.

Question 16

What is the volume of a liquid?

Answer 16

Definite.

Question 17

What is the volume of a gas?

Answer 17

Indefinite.

Question 18

Can solids be compressed?

Answer 18

No.

Question 19

Can liquids be compressed?

Answer 19

No.

Question 20

Can gases be compressed?

Answer 20

Yes.

Question 21

What happens to the arrangement of particles during melting?

Answer 21

Particles move from a closely packed, fixed arrangement in the solid state to a less orderly arrangement in the liquid state as they gain energy and overcome the strong forces of attraction.

Question 22

What happens to the movement of particles during melting?

Answer 22

Particles vibrate faster as they gain energy, eventually overcoming the strong forces of attraction and sliding past one another freely.

Question 23

What happens to the arrangement of particles during freezing?

Answer 23

Particles move from a less orderly arrangement in the liquid state to a closely packed, fixed arrangement in the solid state as they lose energy and are unable to overcome the forces of attraction.

Question 24

What happens to the movement of particles during freezing?

Answer 24

Particles lose energy, slow down, and become fixed in position, vibrating about their fixed points due to strong forces of attraction.

Question 25

What happens to the arrangement of particles during boiling?

Answer 25

Particles move from being loosely packed in the liquid state to being far apart in the gaseous state as they gain enough energy to completely overcome the forces of attraction.

Question 26

What happens to the movement of particles during boiling?

Answer 26

Particles gain energy, move faster, and overcome the attractive forces, spreading out and moving randomly.

Question 27

What happens to the arrangement of particles during condensation?

Answer 27

Particles move from being far apart in the gaseous state to being closer together in the liquid state as they lose energy and are unable to completely overcome the forces of attraction.

Question 28

What happens to the movement of particles during condensation?

Answer 28

Particles lose energy, slow down, and slide past each other in a more orderly manner as the forces of attraction pull them closer together.

Question 29

What happens to the arrangement of particles during sublimation?

Answer 29

Particles transition directly from a closely packed arrangement in the solid state to being far apart in the gaseous state as they gain a large amount of energy and completely overcome the forces of attraction.

Question 30

What happens to the movement of particles during sublimation?

Answer 30

Particles gain significant energy and transition from vibrating in fixed positions to moving rapidly and randomly as they overcome all forces of attraction.

Question 31

What happens to the arrangement of particles during deposition?

Answer 31

Particles move directly from being far apart in the gaseous state to being closely packed in the solid state as they lose a large amount of energy and are unable to overcome the strong forces of attraction.

Question 32

What happens to the movement of particles during deposition?

Answer 32

Particles lose significant energy and transition from moving rapidly and randomly to being fixed in position and vibrating due to the strong forces of attraction.

Question 33

What is diffusion?

Answer 33

The movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

Question 34

Why does diffusion occur faster in gases than in liquids?

Answer 34

Gas particles move faster and are farther apart compared to liquid particles, reducing resistance.

Question 35

How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion?

Answer 35

Higher temperatures increase the kinetic energy of particles, causing them to move faster and diffuse more quickly.

Question 36

What is an example of diffusion in gases?

Answer 36

The spread of perfume in a room.

Question 37

What is an example of diffusion in liquids?

Answer 37

The mixing of ink in water.

Question 38

How does the mass of particles affect the rate of diffusion?

Answer 38

Lighter particles diffuse faster than heavier particles because they have higher speeds at the same temperature.

Question 39

Why do lighter particles diffuse faster than heavier particles?

Answer 39

Lighter particles have higher kinetic energy relative to their mass, allowing them to move more quickly.

Question 40

Between hydrogen and oxygen gas, which diffuses faster, and why?

Answer 40

Hydrogen gas diffuses faster because it has a lower molecular mass than oxygen.

Question 41

How does the molecular mass of a gas affect the time taken for diffusion?

Answer 41

Gases with higher molecular mass take longer to diffuse because their particles move more slowly.