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Combined Chemistry > Chapter 2: Kinetic Particle Theory > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Kinetic Particle Theory Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three states of matter?

A

Solid, liquid, and gas.

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2
Q

Describe the arrangement of particles in a solid.

A

Particles are very closely packed in an orderly manner.

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3
Q

How are particles arranged in a liquid?

A

Closely packed in a disorderly manner.

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4
Q

How are particles arranged in a gas?

A

Very far apart in a disorderly manner.

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5
Q

Compare the energy of particles in solids, liquids, and gases.

A

Solids have very low energy, liquids have low energy, and gases have high energy.

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6
Q

What is the strength of attractive forces between particles in a solid?

A

Very strong.

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7
Q

What is the strength of attractive forces between particles in a liquid?

A

Less strong.

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8
Q

What is the strength of attractive forces between particles in a gas?

A

Very weak.

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9
Q

How do particles move in a solid?

A

Particles vibrate about fixed positions and are unable to overcome strong forces of attraction.

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10
Q

How do particles move in a liquid?

A

Particles slide past one another freely and can partially overcome the forces of attraction.

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11
Q

How do particles move in a gas?

A

Particles move quickly and randomly in all directions, completely overcoming the forces of attraction.

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12
Q

What is the shape of a solid?

A

Definite.

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13
Q

What is the shape of a liquid?

A

Indefinite.

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14
Q

What is the shape of a gas?

A

Indefinite.

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15
Q

What is the volume of a solid?

A

Definite.

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16
Q

What is the volume of a liquid?

A

Definite.

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17
Q

What is the volume of a gas?

A

Indefinite.

18
Q

Can solids be compressed?

A

No.

19
Q

Can liquids be compressed?

A

No.

20
Q

Can gases be compressed?

A

Yes.

21
Q

What happens to the arrangement of particles during melting?

A

Particles move from a closely packed, fixed arrangement in the solid state to a less orderly arrangement in the liquid state as they gain energy and overcome the strong forces of attraction.

22
Q

What happens to the movement of particles during melting?

A

Particles vibrate faster as they gain energy, eventually overcoming the strong forces of attraction and sliding past one another freely.

23
Q

What happens to the arrangement of particles during freezing?

A

Particles move from a less orderly arrangement in the liquid state to a closely packed, fixed arrangement in the solid state as they lose energy and are unable to overcome the forces of attraction.

24
Q

What happens to the movement of particles during freezing?

A

Particles lose energy, slow down, and become fixed in position, vibrating about their fixed points due to strong forces of attraction.

25
Q

What happens to the arrangement of particles during boiling?

A

Particles move from being loosely packed in the liquid state to being far apart in the gaseous state as they gain enough energy to completely overcome the forces of attraction.

26
Q

What happens to the movement of particles during boiling?

A

Particles gain energy, move faster, and overcome the attractive forces, spreading out and moving randomly.

27
Q

What happens to the arrangement of particles during condensation?

A

Particles move from being far apart in the gaseous state to being closer together in the liquid state as they lose energy and are unable to completely overcome the forces of attraction.

28
Q

What happens to the movement of particles during condensation?

A

Particles lose energy, slow down, and slide past each other in a more orderly manner as the forces of attraction pull them closer together.

29
Q

What happens to the arrangement of particles during sublimation?

A

Particles transition directly from a closely packed arrangement in the solid state to being far apart in the gaseous state as they gain a large amount of energy and completely overcome the forces of attraction.

30
Q

What happens to the movement of particles during sublimation?

A

Particles gain significant energy and transition from vibrating in fixed positions to moving rapidly and randomly as they overcome all forces of attraction.

31
Q

What happens to the arrangement of particles during deposition?

A

Particles move directly from being far apart in the gaseous state to being closely packed in the solid state as they lose a large amount of energy and are unable to overcome the strong forces of attraction.

32
Q

What happens to the movement of particles during deposition?

A

Particles lose significant energy and transition from moving rapidly and randomly to being fixed in position and vibrating due to the strong forces of attraction.

33
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

34
Q

Why does diffusion occur faster in gases than in liquids?

A

Gas particles move faster and are farther apart compared to liquid particles, reducing resistance.

35
Q

How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion?

A

Higher temperatures increase the kinetic energy of particles, causing them to move faster and diffuse more quickly.

36
Q

What is an example of diffusion in gases?

A

The spread of perfume in a room.

37
Q

What is an example of diffusion in liquids?

A

The mixing of ink in water.

38
Q

How does the mass of particles affect the rate of diffusion?

A

Lighter particles diffuse faster than heavier particles because they have higher speeds at the same temperature.

39
Q

Why do lighter particles diffuse faster than heavier particles?

A

Lighter particles have higher kinetic energy relative to their mass, allowing them to move more quickly.

40
Q

Between hydrogen and oxygen gas, which diffuses faster, and why?

A

Hydrogen gas diffuses faster because it has a lower molecular mass than oxygen.

41
Q

How does the molecular mass of a gas affect the time taken for diffusion?

A

Gases with higher molecular mass take longer to diffuse because their particles move more slowly.

Combined Chemistry (3 decks)

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