Chapter 2 Key Terms Flashcards
Depth of Field
The variable range, from foreground to background, of what appears to be in sharp focus.
Depth of Field Scale
This is the scale on some lenses, seen here as pairs of f/stop numbers proceeding away from the point of exact focus, which enable the depth of field range to be determined when Hyperfocal Focusing or Zone Focusing.
Hyperfocal Focusing
This is the method to maximize the depth of field when infinity must also be in-focus. Take a meter reading to determine the f/stop required for the exposure, then align the infinity symbol on the focusing ring with the corresponding f/stop on the depth-of-field scale.
Isosceles Triangle
The best camera orientation for a Midrange photograph: the photographer will be at one point of the triangle, and the evidence and the fixed feature of the scene will be at the end of the two equal length sides of the triangle
Isosceles Triangle Point of View
and the evidence and the fixed feature of the scene will be at the end of the two equal length sides of the triangle
Lens Flare
If the sun is in front of the photographer, direct sunlight can enter the lens, bounce around the various lens elements, and result in unwanted multicolored geometric artifacts in the photograph
Reciprocal Exposure
Many different combinations of shutter speeds and apertures will result in the same exposure.
Increasing one variable while decreasing another results in the same exposure
Wagon Wheel Ellipse
A wagon wheel with spokes has the spokes appear to be the same length if viewed from the side of the wagon wheel. Drop the same wagon wheel to the ground, and view it from the side, and the round wagon wheel appears to be an ellipse with spokes which appear to be different lengths, even though we know they are all the same length.
Zone Focusing
A focusing technique to ensure a particular area of the scene is included in the camera’s depth-of-field range. If the lens has a depth-of-field scale, the rear distance needing to be in focus is aligned with the f/stop on the depth-of-field scale required for a proper exposure. Comparing the depth-of-field scale to the distance scale shows the resulting depth-of-field range.
Hard Shadows
Shadows produced by an electronic flash are dark enough to hide the details within them. At times, there are important details within these shadows which can only be seen by the addition of a bounce card or reflector. The light reflected into the areas previously in ‘hard’ shadows can now be seen, and this lighter shadow is called a ‘soft’ shadow.
Soft Shadows
Shadows produced by an electronic flash are dark enough to hide the details within them. At times, there are important details within these shadows which can only be seen by the addition of a bounce card or reflector. The light reflected into the areas previously in ‘hard’ shadows can now be seen, and this lighter shadow is called a ‘soft’ shadow.
Full Field of View Responsibility
If crime scene details appear in the viewfinder, they should be there because the photographer intended for them to be included in a particular composition. A quick review of the elements, which comprise this responsibility, will be handy for the reader:
