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CNA Key Terms > Chapter 2 Key Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

communication

A

the process of exchanging information with others by sending and receiving messages

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2
Q

verbal communication

A

communication involving the use of spoken or written words or sounds

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3
Q

nonverbal communication

A

communication that does not use words

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4
Q

objective information

A

information based on what a person sees, hears, touches, or smells; also called signs

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5
Q

subjective information

A

information that a person cannot or did not observe, but is based on something reported to the person that may or may not be true; also called symptoms

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6
Q

incontinence

A

the inability to control the bladder or bowels

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7
Q

clichés

A

phrases that are used over and over again and do not really mean anything

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8
Q

defense mechanisms

A

unconscious behaviors used to release tension or cope with stress

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9
Q

culture

A

a system of learned beliefs and behaviors that is practiced by a group of people and is often passed on from one generation to the next

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10
Q

impairment

A

a loss of function or ability

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11
Q

mental health

A

the normal functioning of emotional and intellectual abilities

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12
Q

mental health disorder

A

a disorder that affects a person’s ability to function and often causes inappropriate behavior; confusion, disorientation, agitation, and anxiety are common symptoms

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13
Q

combative

A

violent or hostile

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14
Q

body mechanics

A

the way the parts of the body work together when a person moves

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15
Q

posture

A

the way a person holds and positions his body

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16
Q

fracture

A

a broken bone

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17
Q

disorientation

A

confusion about person, place, or time

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18
Q

scalds

A

burns caused by hot liquids

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19
Q

abrasion

A

an injury that rubs off the surface of the skin

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20
Q

Occupational safety and health administration (OSHA)

A

a federal government agency that makes rules to protect workers from hazards on the job

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21
Q

conscious

A

the state of being mentally alert and having awareness of surroundings, sensations, and thoughts

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22
Q

first aid

A

emergency care given immediately to an injured person by the first people to respond in an emergency

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23
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

medical procedures used when a person’s heart or lungs have stopped working

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24
Q

obstructed airway

A

a condition in which something is blocking the tube through which air enters the lungs

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25
Q

abdominal thrusts

A

method of attempting to remove an object from the airway of someone who is choking

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26
Q

cyanotic

A

blue or gray, in reference to skin color

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27
Q

shock

A

a condition that occurs when organs and tissues in the body do not receive an adequate blood supply

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28
Q

Myocardial infarction (MI)

A

a condition that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen because blood flow to the heart is blocked; also called heart attack

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29
Q

syncope

A

loss of consciousness; also called fainting

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30
Q

insulin reaction

A

complication of diabetes that can result from either too much insulin or too little food; also known as hypoglycemia

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31
Q

diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

A

a complication of diabetes that is caused by having too little insulin in the body

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32
Q

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

A

a condition that occurs when blood supply to a part of the brain is blocked or a blood vessel leaks or ruptures within the brain; also called stroke

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33
Q

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

a warning sign of a CVA/stroke resulting from a temporary lack of oxygen in the brain; symptoms may last up to 24 hours

34
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis on one side of the body

35
Q

hemiparesis

A

weakness on one side of the body

36
Q

expressive aphasia

A

trouble communicating thoughts through speech or writing

37
Q

receptive aphasia

A

difficulty understanding spoken or written words

38
Q

emesis

A

the act of vomiting, or ejecting stomach contents through the mouth and/or nose

39
Q

infection prevention

A

the set of methods practiced in healthcare facilities to prevent and control the spread of disease

40
Q

microorganism (MO)

A

a living thing or organism that is so small that it can be seen only through a microscope

41
Q

infection

A

the state resulting from pathogens invading the body and multiplying

42
Q

pathogens

A

microorganisms that are capable of causing infection and disease

43
Q

localized infection

A

an infection that is limited to a specific location in the body and has local symptoms

44
Q

systemic infection

A

an infection that is in the bloodstream and is spread throughout the body, causing general symptoms

45
Q

healthcare-associated infection (HAI)

A

an infection acquired within a healthcare setting during the delivery of medical care

46
Q

chain of infection

A

way of describing how disease is transmitted from one human being to another

47
Q

causative agent

A

a pathogenic microorganism that causes disease

48
Q

reservoir

A

a place where a pathogen lives and multiplies

49
Q

portal of exit

A

any body opening on an infected person that allows pathogens to leave

50
Q

mode of transmission

A

the method of describing how a pathogen travels

51
Q

direct contact

A

a way of transmitting pathogens through touching the infected person or his or her secretions

52
Q

indirect contact

A

a way of transmitting pathogens by touching an object contaminated by the infected person

53
Q

portal of entry

A

any body opening on an uninfected person that allows pathogens to enter

54
Q

mucous membranes

A

the membranes that line body cavities that open to the outside of the body, such as the linings of the mouth, nose, eyes, rectum, or genitals

55
Q

susceptible host

A

an uninfected person who could get sick

56
Q

transmission

A

passage or transfer

57
Q

infectious

A

contagious

58
Q

medical asepsis

A

measures used to reduce and prevent the spread of pathogens

59
Q

surgical asepsis

A

the state of being completely free of all microorganisms; also called sterile technique

60
Q

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

A

a federal government agency that issues guidelines to protect the health of individuals and communities

61
Q

Standard Precautions

A

a method of infection prevention in which all blood, body fluids, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes are treated as if they were infected with an infectious disease

62
Q

sputum

A

thick mucus coughed up from the lungs

63
Q

sharps

A

needles or other sharp objects

64
Q

hand hygiene

A

washing hands with soap and water and using alcohol-based hand rubs

65
Q

personal protective equipment (PPE)

A

equipment that helps protect employees from serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with workplace hazards

66
Q

don

A

to put on

67
Q

doff

A

to remove

68
Q

perineal care

A

care of the genital and anal area

69
Q

nonintact skin

A

skin that is broken by abrasions, cuts, rashes, pimples, lesions, surgical incisions, or boils

70
Q

clean

A

in health care, a condition in which objects have not been contaminated with pathogens

71
Q

dirty

A

in health care, a condition in which objects have been contaminated with pathogens

72
Q

sterilization

A

a cleaning measure that destroys all microorganisms, including pathogens

73
Q

disinfection

A

process that destroys most, but not all pathogens; it reduces the pathogen count to a level that is considered not infectious

74
Q

disposable

A

only to be used once and then discarded

75
Q

Transmission-Based Precautions

A

method of infection prevention used when caring for persons who are infected or may be infected with a disease

76
Q

bloodborne pathogens

A

microorganisms found in human blood, body fluid, draining wounds, and mucous membranes that can cause infection and disease in humans

77
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver caused by certain viruses and other factors, such as alcohol abuse, some medications, and trauma

78
Q

tuberculosis (TB)

A

a highly contagious lung disease caused by a bacterium that is carried on mucous droplets suspended in the air; usually affects the lungs and causes coughing, trouble breathing, weight loss, and fatigue

79
Q

COVID-19 (coronavirus disease)

A

a droplet and airborne disease transmitted through droplets and particles produced by an infected person; often characterized by respiratory symptoms and capable of progressing to severe symptoms, even death, especially in people who are older, have underlying health conditions, or are unvaccinated

80
Q

MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)

A

bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) that have developed resistance to many antibiotics

81
Q

VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococcus)

A

bacteria (enterococci) that have developed resistance to the antibiotic vancomycin

82
Q

Clostridioides difficile (C. diff, C. difficile)

A

a bacterium that is spread by spores in feces that are difficult to kill; it causes symptoms such as diarrhea and nausea and can lead to serious inflammation of the colon (colitis)

CNA Key Terms (9 decks)

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