Chapter 2 - Key Terms

Question 1

anecdotal evidence

Answer 1

anecdotal evidence is personal stories about specific incidents and experiences

Question 2

anecdotal evidence is __________ __________ about __________ __________ and __________ .

Answer 2

personal stories | specific incidents| experiences

Question 3

case study

Answer 3

case study is an in-depth investigation of an individual participant or group of participants

Question 4

case study is an __________ __________ of an __________ __________ or __________ __________ __________

Answer 4

in-depth investigation | individual participant | group of participants

Question 5

confounding of variables

Answer 5

confounding of variables occurs when two variables are linked in a way that makes it difficult to sort out their specific effects

Question 6

confounding of variables occurs when __________ __________ are __________ in a way that makes it __________ to sort out their __________ __________

Answer 6

two variables | linked | difficult | specific effects

Question 7

control group

Answer 7

control group consists of similar participants who do not receive the special treatment given to the experimental group

Question 8

control group consists of __________ __________ who do not receive the __________ __________ given to the __________ __________

Answer 8

similar participants | special treatment | experimental group

Question 9

correlation

Answer 9

correlation exists when two variables are related to each other

Question 10

correlation exists when __________ __________ are __________ __________ __________ __________

Answer 10

two variables | related to each other

Question 11

correlation coefficient

Answer 11

correlation coefficient is a numerical index of the degree of relationship between two variables

Question 12

correlation coefficient is a __________ __________ of the __________ __________ __________ between __________ __________

Answer 12

numerical index | degree of relationship | two variables

Question 13

data collection techniques

Answer 13

data collection techniques are procedures for making empirical observations and measurements

Question 14

data collection techniques are __________ for making __________ __________ and __________

Answer 14

procedures | empirical observations and measurements

Question 15

dependent variable

Answer 15

dependent variable is the variable that is thought to be affected by the manipulation of the independent variable

Question 16

dependent variable is the variable that is thought to be __________ by the __________ of the __________ __________

Answer 16

affected | manipulation of the independent variable

Question 17

descriptive statistics

Answer 17

descriptive statistics are used to organize and summarize data

Question 18

descriptive statistics are used to __________ and __________ __________

Answer 18

organize and summarize data

Question 19

double-blind procedure

Answer 19

double-blind procedure is a research strategy in which neither participants nor experimenters know which participants are in the experimental or control groups

Question 20

double-blind procedure is a __________ __________ in which neither __________ nor __________ __________ __________ __________ are in the __________ or __________ __________

Answer 20

research strategy | participants experimenters know which participants are in the experimental or control groups

Question 21

experiment

Answer 21

experiment is a research method in which the investigator manipulates a variable under carefully controlled conditions and observes whether any changes occur in a second variable as a result

Question 22

experiment is a __________ __________ in which the investigator __________ __________ __________ under __________ __________ __________ and observes whether any __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ as a result

Answer 22

research method | manipulates a variable | carefully controlled conditions | changes occur in a second variable

Question 23

experimental group

Answer 23

experimental group consists of the participants who receive some special treatment in regard to the independent variable

Question 24

experimental group consists of the __________ who receive some __________ __________ in regard to the __________ __________

Answer 24

participants | special treatment | independent variable

Question 25

experimenter bias

Answer 25

experimenter bias occurs when a researcher’s expectations or preferences about the outcome of a study influence the results obtained

Question 26

experimenter bias occurs when a __________ __________ or __________ about the __________ of a __________ influence the __________ __________

Answer 26

researcher’s expectations or preferences | outcome of a study | results obtained