Chapter 2: Key Project Management Terms Flashcards
Project
a temporary endeavor to create a unique product, service, or result. Has a start and end date
Operations
ongoing, not temporary, day-to-day work of a business or organization. Has NO start or end date.
Progressive Elaboration
rolling wave planning; getting more details in a project as time goes on during that project
Project Management
the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to meet the project requirements; managing people to accomplish the scope of a project within the given constraints of time and cost
Predictive approach
traditional waterfall/plan-driven; planning is done upfront and the rest of the project is to execute that plan to complete the work
Agile approach
adaptive/change-driven; the product is built in small increments and thus changes are supported throughout the entire project
Hybrid approach
combines the use of both Predictive and Agile project management approaches
Process
inputs, tools, and techniques combined to execute a specific activity on a project to create a specific output
ITTO
Inputs, Tools and Techniques, and Outputs - these exist for each of the 49 processes
Phase
a division within the project where extra control is needed to effectively manage the completion of one or more deliverables; used to complete a deliverable
Phase gate/phase review/stage gate/kill point
held at the end of each phase to determine if the overall project is meeting its goals and if the project should continue
Deliverable
a PART of the product that is presented to the customer or stakeholders for acceptance
Process Groups
- Initiating
- Planning
- Executing
- Monitoring and Controlling
- Closing
Knowledge Areas
- Integration
- Scope
- Schedule
- Cost
- Quality
- Resources
- Communications
- Risk
- Procurement
- Stakeholders
Development Life Cycle/Project Life Cycle
the series of phases a project will go through from start to finish. can be predictive or adaptive
Predictive Life Cycle
project life cycle where the scope, time, and cost are known early in the project
Adaptive Life Cycle
also known as Iterative or Incremental; when the scope is known early but the time and cost must be refined as the project progresses
Program
collection of projects containing a common goal, managed by a program manager
Portfolio
a collection of projects and programs implemented to achieve a strategic goal; managed by a portfolio manager
Baselines
- Scope
- Time
- Cost
an original plan plus any approved changes; what you hope will happen
Historical Information
records of what has been learned from previous projects, such as templates and lessons learned
Regulations
official documents providing guidelines that must be followed
Standards
NOT mandatory, unlike regulations. approved by a recognized body that provides guidelines
System
all formal procedures and tools put in place to manage something
Project governance
the framework, functions, and processes a company follows to complete a project, done to meet the organization’s strategic and operational goals
PMO
Project Management Office
provides guidance and support for all project managers in an organization
supportive PMO
just supports project managers by providing templates and training
controlling PMO
gives the project manager a particular framework they need to follow and templates they have to use
directive PMO
directs the project manager on what they should be doing and is generally in control of the project
Stakeholder
anyone affected by a project, including those working on the project
Organic/Simple Organizational Structure
often no literal PM - expect small businesses and startups to function this way
Virtual Organizational Structure
project management is done virtually using tech such as meetings and chats, with the PM having low to moderate authority and resources shared with functional managers
Functional Organization organizational structure
PM has little power over resources, which are controlled by functional managers; PMs report to functional managers i.e. the heads of departments
Project-Oriented Organizational Structure
a.k.a. Projectized; PM controls all of the resources and there are no functional managers - an example is a consulting business
Matrix Organizational Structure types
- Weak Matrix
- Balanced Matrix
- Strong Matrix
middle ground between Functional and Project-Oriented organizational structure types.
Weak Matrix structure
PM has little power; most similar to Functional organizational structure
Balance Matrix
PM almost equal to functional manager for control of resources.
Strong Matrix
PM has most of the power over the resources but there are still functional managers; most similar to Project-Oriented organizational structure
Hybrid Organizational Structure
company uses more than one of the different types of organizational structures; a combination of Functional and Project-Oriented approaches
Constraint
all projects are constrained by:
1. scope
2. time
3. cost
4. quality
5. resources
6. risk
Life Cycle
all of the stages or phases a project or product goes through from beginning to end
Product Life Cycle
may include many projects/project life cycles
Project Life Cycle
the phases a project goes through from initiation to closing
Initiating
getting authorization to start a phase or project
main output of Initiating
- project charter 2. stakeholder register
the 3 baselines
scope, time, costs
Monitoring and Controlling
comparing the actual work to the planned work; ensuring the project stays on plan
ITTO
Inputs, Tools and Techniques, and Outputs
EEF
Enterprise Environmental Factors
input factors not under control of the project team
OPA
Organization Process Assets
inputs that are plans, processes, policies, procedures, and knowledge bases used by the organization at large
common Tools
expert judgement
data gathering
data analysis
data representation
decision making
interpersonal and team skills
PMIS
meetings
PMIS
Project Management Information System
automated system used by the PM to optimize the schedule or keep track of documents and deliverables
common Outputs
change request
work performance data
work performance information
work performance report
PMI Talent Triangle
Technical Project Management, Leadership, Strategic and Business Management
