Chapter 2: Intellectual Revolutions that Changed Worldview Flashcards
It denotes a drastic change in what is established, believed, and embraced
Revolution
People who shared revolutionary ideas/ outcast of society
Heretics
He challenged the previous notion about the cosmos, led the so-called Scientific Revolution
Nicolaus Copernicus
The revolution led by Copernicus came about in response to the questions that could not be addressed by the geocentric model of the universe
Pre-Copernican System (COPERNICAN REVOLUTION)
The geocentric model, also known as geocentrism popularized by the thinker _________________
Ptolemy (COPERNICAN REVOLUTION)
A description of the universe with the Earth as the center.
Geocentrism (COPERNICAN REVOLUTION)
he drew the first map of the world with the earth taking the shape of the cylinder floating in the center of the universe.
Anaximander (COPERNICAN REVOLUTION)
He believed that the sun and moon were hollow rings of fire and that eclipses were the result of these rings closing.
Anaximander (COPERNICAN REVOLUTION)
He was the first to suggest that the earth was sphere
Pythagoras (COPERNICAN REVOLUTION)
He believed that the cosmos is made up of matter in geometric shapes.
Plato (COPERNICAN REVOLUTION)
He positioned that the Earth was the center of the universe with all other celestial bodies arranged in concentric crystalline spheres around it.
Aristotle (COPERNICAN REVOLUTION)
“Father of Modern Astronomy”
Copernicus (COPERNICAN REVOLUTION)
For Copernicus, the geocentric model did not explain the occasional backward movement of the planets that was regarded as the ______________
Retrograde Motion (COPERNICAN REVOLUTION)
He proposed that the earth is not the center of the universe but the sun. (heliocentric model)
Copernicus (COPERNICAN REVOLUTION)
These scientists worked to validate the heliocentric model
Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei (COPERNICAN REVOLUTION)
He rejected the idea that the earth is not the center of the universe because it defiles the laws of physics that were taught and accepted.
Tycho Brahe (COPERNICAN REVOLUTION)
He proposed his own model, dubbed as geoheliocentrism/Tychonic System
Tycho Brahe (COPERNICAN REVOLUTION)
it combined the Copernican and Ptolemaic systems.
geoheliocentrism/Tychonic System (COPERNICAN REVOLUTION)
He proposed that planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus.
Johannes Kepler (COPERNICAN REVOLUTION)
He published a book that further reinforced the claim constructed, he was able to observe the movements of the Moon, Venus, and Jupiter and its satellites.
Galileo Galilei (COPERNICAN REVOLUTION)
He became the first person to observe the craters of the moon using the telescope, disproving the idea that it is perfectly smooth sphere.
Galileo Galilei (COPERNICAN REVOLUTION)
He drew the church’s ire with his observations. He was persecuted and put on trial by the inquisition in Rome, where he was found guilty of heresy and compelled to say that all his findings were wrong.
Galileo Galilei (COPERNICAN REVOLUTION)
He was the first one to provide mathematical equations that could prove what Copernicus, Brahe, and Kepler tried to explain.
Sir Isaac Newton (COPERNICAN REVOLUTION)
A martyred Italian monk who spread Copernicus’ theory of a heliocentric and scientific universe.
Giordano Bruno (COPERNICAN REVOLUTION)
the “Father of Microbiology” who discovered bacteria
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (COPERNICAN REVOLUTION)
“Father of Modern Chemistry” for his extensive experiment and use of the scientific method.
Robert Boyle (COPERNICAN REVOLUTION)
A staunch supporter of the empirical method and inductive reasonings which provide that people understand truths according to their own experience.
Francis Bacon (COPERNICAN REVOLUTION)
He practiced deductive reasoning and the scientific method in solving problems and whose idea of the human consciousness dominated until the 20th Century.
Rene Descartes (COPERNICAN REVOLUTION)
Is the change in characteristics of a species over several generations, relying on the idea that all species are related and gradually change over time.
Evolution (DARWINIAN REVOLUTION)
The view that the universe originated from “specific acts of divine creation”
Creationism (DARWINIAN REVOLUTION)
Subscribed to the Judeo-Christian version of creationism and saw their work as a mere representation of the unchanging order of life created by God.
Carolus Linnaeus (DARWINIAN REVOLUTION)
He believed evolution occurred in living things including humans.
Erasmus Darwin (DARWINIAN REVOLUTION)