Chapter 2: Integrative Approaches Flashcards
What is a one-dimensional model?
A single-attributed cause of a disorder
What is a multi-dimensional model?
Several causes attributed to a disorder
What are the 4 big influences concerning disorders?
behavioural, emotional, social, & developmental
How many chromosome pairs do humans have?
23; one chromosome each from one parent in each pair
22/23 are for brain/body development - 23rd is sex chromosomes
What is the diathesis-stress model?
diathesis = inherited
Model/theory that certain traits and behaviours are inherited and activated under conditions of stress
What is the gene-environment correlation model?
Model/theory that suggests genes may increase probability of negative responses to stress
Vulnrability = genetic tendency to create environmental risk factors
What does the central nervous system consist of?
(2 components)
Brain, spinal cord
What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?
(4 components)
Autonomic NS (sympathetic & parasympathetic divisions), somatic NS
What does the autonomic NS regulate?
involuntary processes
heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, digestion, sexual arousal
What does the somatic NS regulate?
voluntary(ish) processes
detection of mechanical stimuli (touch, pressure, movement, etc.) and pain detection
What’s the difference between the parasympathetic and the sympathetic divisions?
sympathetic = fight or flight (heightened senes), parasympathetic = stress relief/calmness restoration
What is the neurotransmitter glutamate for?
(excitatory)
excitatory transmitter - activates different neurons
What does the GABA neurotransmitter do?
(inhibitory)
Regulates transmission information
What does serotonin do?
(monoamine)
Regulates behaviour, mood, and thought processes
What does norepinephrine do?
(monoamine; active in CNS and PNS)
Heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, among others - may also contribute to panic attacks/disorders
