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Psychopathology: Hist&Theories > Chapter 1: Abnormal Behaviour > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Abnormal Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

Who was George Albee?

(hint - racism)

A

psychologist who proposed that mental illness was primarily caused by social factors (racism, sexism, etc.)

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2
Q

What are the 3 components of a psychological disorder?

A

psychological dysfunction, atypical/culturally unexpected response, personal distress

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3
Q

Who was David Rosenhan?

A

psychologist whose research showed that hospitals could not identify patient normalcy

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4
Q

Who was Thomas Szasz?

A

psychiatrist who criticized medical model in 1960’s - argued that using ‘objective’ criteria (e.g., bloodtests) was not applicable to mental illness

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5
Q

What are the three major categories for psychopathology?

3 components of identification

A

clinical description, causation (etiology), treatment & outcome

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6
Q

What is the science-practicioner model?

A

3 components; consumer of science (enhancing practice), evaluator of practice (analyzing effectiveness of practice), and creator of science (conducting research for new procedures)

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7
Q

What is a clinical description?

A

unique combination of thought, behaviour, & feelings that make up a disorder

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8
Q

What does prevalence mean?

A

Lifetime number of people in the population who have ever had the disorder

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9
Q

What does incidence mean?

A

Number of new cases of a disorder in a specific time frame

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10
Q

What does onset mean?

A

How the problem presents itself/is presented

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11
Q

What does acute onset mean?

A

Sudden symptoms, appearing for more than 24 hours and less than 2 weeks

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12
Q

What does incidious onset mean?

A

Gradual and subtle sympoms

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13
Q

What does course mean (psychology?)

A

Pattern of development and change of disorder over time

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14
Q

What does a chronic course mean?

A

Lasts for 3+ months, even with treatment

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15
Q

What does an episodic course mean?

A

“during an episode” symptoms remit most of the time

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16
Q

What does a time limited course refer to?

A

Recovery from an illness/disorder will occur whether you treat it or not

17
Q

What does etiology refer to?

A

Study of origins of a disorder

example: schizophrenia -> potential risk factors include genetics, viral infections, lead exposure, neurochemical irregularities, etc.

18
Q

What does treatment refer to?

A

The effects of a drug/therapy

19
Q

What does prognosis mean?

A

The likely/expected results of a condition (recovery, usual course, peculiarities of individual disorder)

20
Q

What are the 3 main approaches to abnormality?

A

Supernatural,biological, and psychological traditions

21
Q

What falls under the category ‘supernatural tradition’?

Abnormal behaviour attributed to agents outside of the body

A

demons and witches, stress and melancholy, the moon and the stars

22
Q

What is the ‘biological tradition’?

A

Abnormal behaviour attributed to disease/chemical imbalance.

23
Q

What are the 4 body humors?

A

Blood (sanguine), black bile (melancholic), yellow bile (chloeric), and phlegm (phlegmatic)

24
Q

Who was Louis Pasteur?

A

Chemist whose experiments revealed symptoms could be caused by germs

Syphillis -> behavioural symptoms caused by infection (madness)

25
Q

Who was John P. Grey?

A

Psychiatrist who emphasized mental illness should be treated as a physical one

emphasized rest, diet, proper room temp., ventilation

Invented rotary fan.

26
Q

What did the 1930’s offer for mentally ill patients?

A

Insulin shock therapy, ECT (electoconvulsive therapy), psychosurgery (lobotomy)

27
Q

What did the 1950’s offer for mentally ill patients?

A

Medications - neuroleptics, major tranquilizers

28
Q

Who was Emile Kraepelin?

(hint - DSM)

A

Psychiatrist who emphasized importance of diagnosis and classification of mental disorders

29
Q

Who was Phillipe Pinel?

(hint - treatment of mental illness)

A

Psychiatrist who encouraged humane treatment of the clinically insane

30
Q

Who was Benjamin Rush?

father of North American psychiatry

A

Psychiatrist who emphasized that mental illness is a “disease of the mind”

31
Q

What was the mental hygeine movement?

hint - Dorothea Dix (teacher)

A

Due to high capacities in asylums, Dorothea Dix campaigned for reformation/new asylums

32
Q

Who discovered the ‘unconscious mind’?

A

Sigmund Freud, Josef Breuer

33
Q

What is catharsis according to Freud?

A

Recalling and reliving emotional trauma from the unconscious

34
Q

What is humanistic psychology?

A

Psychology that focuses on human growth and potential

i.e., Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Psychopathology: Hist&Theories (4 decks)

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