Chapter 1: Abnormal Behaviour Flashcards
Who was George Albee?
(hint - racism)
psychologist who proposed that mental illness was primarily caused by social factors (racism, sexism, etc.)
What are the 3 components of a psychological disorder?
psychological dysfunction, atypical/culturally unexpected response, personal distress
Who was David Rosenhan?
psychologist whose research showed that hospitals could not identify patient normalcy
Who was Thomas Szasz?
psychiatrist who criticized medical model in 1960’s - argued that using ‘objective’ criteria (e.g., bloodtests) was not applicable to mental illness
What are the three major categories for psychopathology?
3 components of identification
clinical description, causation (etiology), treatment & outcome
What is the science-practicioner model?
3 components; consumer of science (enhancing practice), evaluator of practice (analyzing effectiveness of practice), and creator of science (conducting research for new procedures)
What is a clinical description?
unique combination of thought, behaviour, & feelings that make up a disorder
What does prevalence mean?
Lifetime number of people in the population who have ever had the disorder
What does incidence mean?
Number of new cases of a disorder in a specific time frame
What does onset mean?
How the problem presents itself/is presented
What does acute onset mean?
Sudden symptoms, appearing for more than 24 hours and less than 2 weeks
What does incidious onset mean?
Gradual and subtle sympoms
What does course mean (psychology?)
Pattern of development and change of disorder over time
What does a chronic course mean?
Lasts for 3+ months, even with treatment
What does an episodic course mean?
“during an episode” symptoms remit most of the time
What does a time limited course refer to?
Recovery from an illness/disorder will occur whether you treat it or not
What does etiology refer to?
Study of origins of a disorder
example: schizophrenia -> potential risk factors include genetics, viral infections, lead exposure, neurochemical irregularities, etc.
What does treatment refer to?
The effects of a drug/therapy
What does prognosis mean?
The likely/expected results of a condition (recovery, usual course, peculiarities of individual disorder)
What are the 3 main approaches to abnormality?
Supernatural,biological, and psychological traditions
What falls under the category ‘supernatural tradition’?
Abnormal behaviour attributed to agents outside of the body
demons and witches, stress and melancholy, the moon and the stars
What is the ‘biological tradition’?
Abnormal behaviour attributed to disease/chemical imbalance.
What are the 4 body humors?
Blood (sanguine), black bile (melancholic), yellow bile (chloeric), and phlegm (phlegmatic)
Who was Louis Pasteur?
Chemist whose experiments revealed symptoms could be caused by germs
Syphillis -> behavioural symptoms caused by infection (madness)
Who was John P. Grey?
Psychiatrist who emphasized mental illness should be treated as a physical one
emphasized rest, diet, proper room temp., ventilation
Invented rotary fan.
What did the 1930’s offer for mentally ill patients?
Insulin shock therapy, ECT (electoconvulsive therapy), psychosurgery (lobotomy)
What did the 1950’s offer for mentally ill patients?
Medications - neuroleptics, major tranquilizers
Who was Emile Kraepelin?
(hint - DSM)
Psychiatrist who emphasized importance of diagnosis and classification of mental disorders
Who was Phillipe Pinel?
(hint - treatment of mental illness)
Psychiatrist who encouraged humane treatment of the clinically insane
Who was Benjamin Rush?
father of North American psychiatry
Psychiatrist who emphasized that mental illness is a “disease of the mind”
What was the mental hygeine movement?
hint - Dorothea Dix (teacher)
Due to high capacities in asylums, Dorothea Dix campaigned for reformation/new asylums
Who discovered the ‘unconscious mind’?
Sigmund Freud, Josef Breuer
What is catharsis according to Freud?
Recalling and reliving emotional trauma from the unconscious
What is humanistic psychology?
Psychology that focuses on human growth and potential
i.e., Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
