Chapter 2 - Integrative Approach Flashcards
Behavioral Influences:
Behavioral Influences: unconditioned response, reaction, association.
Biological Influences:
Biological Influences: inherited over reactive sinoaortic baroreflex arc, heart rate and blood pressure increase, body overcompensates, light-headedness, queasiness.
Emotional and Cognitive Influences:
Emotional and Cognitive Influences: increased fear and anxiety. Affect blood pressure, heart rate and respiration.
Social Influences:
Social Influences: how people around you react.
Developmental Influences:
Developmental Influences: at certain times we are more or less reactive to a situation or influence than we would be at a different time.
How does the multidimensional approach to diagnosing and treating abnormal behavior differ from the one-dimensional approach?
o Multidimensional approach – psychological disorders are always the products of multiple interacting causal factors.
o One-dimensional approach – psychopathology is caused by a physical abnormality or by conditioning.
Describe the Diathesis Stress model of gene-environment interaction and the implications it has for the onset of a disorder and for the prevention of psychological disorders.
o The diathesis stress model – hypothesis that both an inherited tendency (a vulnerability) and specific stressful conditions are required to produce a disorder.
o Gene-environment model – hypothesis that people with a genetic predisposition for a disorder may also have a genetic tendency to create environmental risk factors that promote the disorder.
What role does the limbic system play in brain functioning?
o Limbic System – regulate our emotional experiences and expressions, and to some extent, our ability to learn and to control our impulses. It is also involved with the basic drives of sex, aggression, hunger, and thirst.
What role does the cerebral cortex play in brain functioning?
o Cerebral Cortex – looks to the future and plan, to reason, and create. Left hemisphere – verbal and cognitive processes. Right hemisphere – perceiving the world around us and creating images
What role does the frontal lobe play in brain functioning?
o Frontal Lobe – thinking and reasoning abilities, relate to the world around us and the people in it.
How do the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems (of the ANS) complement one another?
o Because we could not operate in a state of hyperarousal and preparedness forever, the parasympathetic nervous system takes over after the sympathetic nervous system has been active for a while, normalizing our arousal and facilitating the storage of energy by helping the digestive process.
Be able to explain how neurotransmitters work to transmit “messages,” across a nerve synapse.
o Neurons contain a cell with branches called dendrites. Dendrites have receptors that receive messages in the form of chemical impulses from other nerve cells. Axons transmit impulses to other neurons. There is a space between the axon of the neuron and the dendrite of another called a synaptic cleft. The chemicals that are released from the axon of one nerve cell and that transmit the impulse to the receptors of another nerve cell are called neurotransmitters. Major neurotransmitters include glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
Be familiar with the general areas of influence of glutamate/GABA,
.o Glutamate – amino acid neurotransmitter that excites many different neurons, leading to action
o GABA - neurotransmitter that reduces activity across the synaptic cleft and inhibits a range of behaviors and emotions with generalized anxiety.
Be familiar with the general areas of influence of serotonin
o Serotonin – processes information and coordinates movement as well as inhibition and restraint. Regulates eating, sexual, and aggressive behaviors. Its interaction with dopamine is implicated in schizophrenia.
Be familiar with the general areas of influence of dopamine
o Dopamine – activates other neurotransmitters and aids in exploratory and pleasure seeking behaviors. Excess dopamine is implicated in schizophrenia.
