Chapter 2: Initial Assessement And Management

Question 1

What are the signs of airway obstruction?

Answer 1

Snoring or gurgling
Stridor or abnormal breath sounds
Agitation (hypoxia)
Using accessory muscles of ventilation
Cyanosis (late)

Question 2

What is the indication for cervical collar application? (7 points)

Answer 2

1. Patient with injuries above clavicle
2. Complain of neck pain on movement
3. Patients with neurological deficits
4. Patients who are unconscious or subconscious
5. Patients with high risk mechanism of injury
6. Blunt trauma patients with 2 or more system involvement
7. Major trauma patients requiring interfacility transfer

Question 3

What needs to be examine and look for prior to cervical collar application?

Answer 3

Expanding hematoma
Subcutaneous emphysema around neck region

Question 4

Define primary survey.

Answer 4

A systematic examination performed during initial phase of trauma reception to identify and treat immediate life-threatening injuries.

Question 5

What are the Immediate life-threatening injuries? (ATOM-TC)

Answer 5

A - Airway obstruction
T - Tension Pneumothorax
O - Open Pneumothorax
M - Massive Hemothorax
T - Tracheobronchial Injury
C - Cardiac Tamponade

Question 6

What are the systematic approach during primary survey?

Answer 6

<C> Immediate control of any catastrophic hemorrhage
A - Airway maintenance and cervical spine protection
B - Breathing and ventilation
C - Circulation and Haemorrhage control
D - Disability assessment and neurologic evaluation
E - Exposure and Environmental control
</C>

Question 7

Quick assessment criteria to assess consciousness?

Answer 7

A - Alert
V - Respond to verbal stimuli
P - Respond to pain stimuli
U - Unconscious

Question 8

How to assess airway?

Answer 8

Look at nasal and mouth opening for deformity, bleeding or obstruction
- vomitus
- debris
- blood
- tongue
- maxillofacial injury

Palpate for any tenderness or facial bone fracture