Chapter 2 Information

Question 1

Drug Absorption of Various Oral Preparations

Answer 1

Fastest to Slowest:

• Oral disintegration, buccal tablets, oral soluble wafers
• Liquids, elixirs, syrups
• Suspension Solutions
• Powders
• Capsules
• Tablets
• Coated Tablets
• Enteric-Coated Tablets

Question 2

Dosage Forms

Answer 2

Enteral, Parenteral, Topical

Question 3

Enteral

Answer 3

Route of medication administration that uses the gastrointestinal tract

Ex: tablets, capsules, pills, syrups, lozenges

Question 4

Parenteral

Answer 4

Route of medication administration other than the GI tract (uses the outside of intestines or alimentary canal). Most commonly injections.

Fastest route by which a drug can be absorbed

Question 5

Topical

Answer 5

Route of medication applied to the surface of the skin

Ex: aerosols, ointments, creams, pastes, powders, gels, patches, inhalers

Question 6

Intravenous

Answer 6

Provides rapid onset, allows more direct control of drug levels in the blood, option of larger fluid volume, avoids first-pass metabolism

Question 7

First Pass Routes

Answer 7

Hepatic arterial
Oral
Portal Venous
Rectal

Question 8

Non-First Pass Routes

Answer 8

Aural (instilled into the ear)
Buccal
Inhaled
Intraarterial
Intramuscular
Intranasal
Intraocular
Intravaginal
Intravenous
Subcutaneous
Sublingual
Transdermal

Question 9

Food-Drug Interactions: Leafy Green Vegetables

Answer 9

Decreased anticoagulant effect

Question 10

Food-Drug Interactions: Dairy Products

Answer 10

Chemical binding of the drug leading to decreased effect and treatment failures

Happens with antibiotics

Question 11

Food-Drug Interactions: Grapefruit Juice

Answer 11

Decreased metabolism of drugs and increased effects

Happens with antidysrhythmic, antianxiety, antiseizure, immunosuppressants, calcium channel blockers, anticholesterol drugs)

Question 12

Food-Drug Interactions: Aged cheese or wine

Answer 12

Hypertensive crisis

Question 13

Conditions/Drugs/Diseases that DECREASE drug metabolism

Answer 13

Starvation, obstructive jaundice, genetic constitution (slow acetylator)

Ketoconazole (p-450 inhibitor)

cardiovascular dysfunction, renal insufficiency

Question 14

Conditions/ Drugs that INCREASE drug metabolism

Answer 14

genetic constitution (fast acetylator)

Barbiturates, p-450 inducers

Question 15

Right of Medication Administration

Answer 15

Every patient, every medication, every time

1. Right patient
2. Right Medication (drug)
3. Right Dose
4. Right Route
5. Right Time
6. Right Documentation
7. Right Reason
8. Right Reaponse
9. Right to Refuse
10. Allergies

Question 16

Components of a Drug Order

Answer 16

• Name and DOB or Medical Record # of patient
• Date and time the order was written
• Drug name
• Drug dosage
• Route of administration
• Frequency of administration
• Physician or HCP’s signature

Question 17

Patient Information on MAR

Answer 17

• Name & DOB
• ID #
• Location
• Allergies
• Diagnosis
• Date of Admission