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Physiology of Disease > Chapter 2: Inflammation and Healing > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Inflammation and Healing Flashcards

0
Q

What is an abscess

A

A localized pocket of infection or purulent exudate surrounded by inflammation.

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1
Q

What is an abscess

A

A localized pocket of infection or purulent exudate surrounded by inflammation

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2
Q

What are adhesions

A

A band of fibrous scar tissue forming an abnormal connection between two surfaces or stuctures
Ex- binding two loops of the intestine together

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3
Q

what are chemical mediators

A

A chemical released in the body during an inflammatory response or immune response

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4
Q

What is anorexia

A

Loss of appetite

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5
Q

What is chemotaxis

A

The movement of cells toward or away from an area of the body in response to chemical signals
Ex- phagocytic cells move to an area of tissue injury

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6
Q

What is collagen

A

The common protein making up connective tissue and bone

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7
Q

What is a contracture

A

Shortening of a muscle or scar tissue causing immobility and deformity of a joint or structure

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8
Q

What is diapedesis

A

The pasage of leukocytes through intact capillary walls to a site of inflammation

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9
Q

What is an ESR

A

The rate at which RBCs settle out of a blood speciment (containing anticoagulant)
Increased ESR=inflammation

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10
Q

What is exudate

A

Fluid that accumulates and may leak from tissue

  • serous exudate due to allergy
  • purulent or pus from infection
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11
Q

What is fibrogen

A

Plasma protein that is formed into solid fibrin strands during the clotting process

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13
Q

What is fibrinous

A

Exudates that are thick and sticky and have a high cell and fibrin content.

-High risk of scar tissue

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13
Q

What are glucocorticoids

A

Steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex

-cortisol (hydrocortisone) that increase blood glucose levels and act to decrease inflammation and allergic reactions

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14
Q

What is a fibroblast

A

Connective tissue cells

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15
Q

What is granulation tissue

A

Newly developed fragile tissue, consisting of fibroblasts and blood vessels, formed during healing

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16
Q

What is granuloma

A

A nodular destructive mass associated with some chronic inflammation or infection

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17
Q

What is hematocrit (aka HcT)

A

% of erythrocytes in a blood sample

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18
Q

What is hyperemia

A

Increased blood flow in an area, resulting in a warm, red area

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19
Q

What is hematopoiesis

A

Production of red blood cells in bone marrow

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20
Q

What is hydrostatic pressure

A

Movement of fluid, electrolytes, oxygen and nutrients out of the capillary at the arteriolar end is based on net hydrostatic pressure.

-part of normal capillary exchange

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21
Q

What are interferons

A

A group of antiviral glycoproteins produced by viral-infected cells

22
Q

What are isoenzymes

A

Cell enzymes, specific to certain organs, that differ slightly in structure but have samiliar functions

23
Q

What is intraarticular

A

“into the joint”

-prednisone shots

24
Q

What is leukocytosis

A

An above normal number of leukocytes (WBCs) in the blood

25
Q

What is a leukocyte

A
  • aka neutrophil

- 2nd line of defense that eat bacteria, cell debris and foreign invaders.

26
Q

What is malaise

A

a general feeling of discomfort or unease, of being unwell

27
Q

What is a macrophage

A
  • aka “vulture cells”

- 2nd line of defense that eat up bacteria, cell debris and foreign invaders.

29
Q

What is a neutrophil

A
  • aka a leukocyte

- 2nd line of defense that kill bacteria and cell debris and foreign matter

29
Q

What is a perforation

A

A hole through the wall of a tube or hollow structure

30
Q

What is osmotic pressure

A
  • High because remain within capillaries.
  • Movement of fluid, carbon dioxide and other wastes in the blood.
  • Hydrostatic pressure is low at venous end of capillary.
31
Q

What is purulent

A 
like pus (microbes, WBCs, and cell debris)
-thick, yellowish material in tissue often resulting from bacterial infection
32
Q

What is permeability

A

capillary membrane’s ability to allow plasma proteins to move into the interstitial space along with more fluid.

33
Q

What is phagocytosis

A
  • 2nd line of defense
  • Process by which neutrophils (a leukocyte) and macrophages “vulture cells” randomly engulf and destroy bacteria, cell debris or foreign matter.
34
Q

What is pyrexia

A

Fever

35
Q

What is regeneration

A

Tissue repair through replacement by identical functioning cells

37
Q

What is replacement

A

healing of a wound area

  • connective tissue takes place when there is extensive tissue damage or cells are in capable of mitosis
  • more scar tissue because of delayed healing, large break in tissue and more inflammation
38
Q

What is resolution

A

Process that occurs when there is minimal tissue damage.

-mild sunburn

38
Q

What is serous

A

Watery secretion

39
Q

What is a scar

A

fibrous tissue formation (connective tissue)

40
Q

What is stenosis

A

Narrowing of a tube, valve, or opening (stricture)

41
Q

What is an ulcer

A

An open, crater-like lesion on the skin or mucous membranes

43
Q

What is vasodilation

A

Relaxation of smooth muscle causing an increase in the diameter or arterioles.

44
Q

What are in the cardinal signs of inflammation

A

redness, warmth, swelling, edema, pain, lack of function

45
Q

What are complications of acute inflammation

A

Infection
Ulcers
Skeletal muscle spasms or strong muscle contractions

46
Q

Drugs for inflammation

A

ASA, aspirin
NSAIDS, Advil, Motrin
Glucocorticoids *delayed wound healing, decreased WBCs, bone demineralization, HTN and edema

47
Q

What is RICE

A 
Rest
Ice
Compress 
Elevate 
TO REDUCE INFLAMMATION!
48
Q

Factors the promote healing

A 
Youth
Good nutrition: vitamins A and C
Adequate of hemoglobin
Effective circulation
Clean, undisturbed wound
No infection or further trauma to site
49
Q

Factors that delay wound healing

A 
Advanced age, reduced mitosis
Poor nutrition, dehydration
Anemia
Circulatory problems
DM, CA
Irritation, excessive mobility and bleeding
Infection, foreign material
Chemo
Prolonged use of prednisone
50
Q

Partial thickness burns

A

Epidermis and part of dermis
Superficial partial thickness burns AKA first degree
-Sunburn

51
Q

What are deep partial thickness burns

A

AKA 2nd degree

Destruction of epidermis and dermis

52
Q

What are full thickness burns

A

aka 3rd and 4th degree burns

Destruction of all skin layers and tissues

53
Q

What are effects of a burn injury

A 
Shock
Respiratory problems
Pain 
Infection 
Metabolic needs

Physiology of Disease (13 decks)

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