Chapter 2: How Inflammation Is triggered Flashcards
What is the difference between gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria?
Gram-positive: cells walls of peptidoglycan, N-acetylmuramic acid cross-linked by short peptide side chains, and lipoteichoic acids
Gram-negative: cell wall consisting of peptidoglycans covered by a layer of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
What are the three major types of sentinel cells?
Macrophages
Dendrite cells
Mast cells
___ grow fast and are highly diverse an can mutate an change their molecular structures much faster than an infected animal can respond.
Microbes
PAMPs?
Pathogen associated molecular patterns: highly conserved molecules or molecular patterns that are widespread in many different microorganisms
What are the most important of the sentinel cell receptors?
Toll-like receptors
What is the central roll of TLRs?
Recognizing invading microbes and triggering inflammation
Where are TLRs expressed?
On macrophages, mast cells, dendritic cells, eosinophils, and epithelial cells in the respiratory tract and intestine.
When microbial molecules bind to TLRs it induces what to occur?
Induces cells to produce molecules that trigger innate immunity, especially inflammation
What are the 10 different TLRs?
TLR1-TLR10
Which products are recognized by TLR1?
Diacylated lipoproteins
Which products are recognized by TLR2?
Peptidoglycan, bacterial lipoproteins, zymosan, some LPS, spirochetes, mycobacteria, lipoteichoic acid, heat-shock protein, necrotic cells
Which products are recognized by TLR3?
Viral double stranded RNA
Which products are recognized by TLR4?
LPS, lipoteichoic acid, viral protein, heat-shock protein, fibrinogen, saturates FA, beta-defensins, heparin sulfate
Which products are recognized by TLR5?
Flagellin an flagellated bacteria
Which products are recognized by TLR6?
Necrotic cells, diacylated lipoprotein, peptidoglycan (with TLR2)
