Chapter 2: How did the papacy respond to Lutheranism? Flashcards
How were relations positive between Charles V and the papacy between 1521 and 1526?
- Adrian VI announced his intention to reform the papal curia, in line with Charles’ wishes for reform in the Church
- Clement VII supported the Habsburg forces in the 1920s
How were relations negative between Charles V and the papacy between 1521 and 1526?
- Adrian’s successor Clement VII refused to hold a general council as he saw it as a threat to papal authority
- Clement VII wanted to promote the idea of the Papal States’ independence from the HRE
- Clement ditches the Habsburgs after victory over Francis at the Battle of Pavia, forming an anti-Habsburg alliance with France — the League of Cognac of 1526
What happened in the Sack of Rome? (1527)
- 25,000 unpaid mercenaries in the imperial army sacked Rome
- They pillaged palaces, houses and churches for weeks, stealing precious goods
- They took prisoners and demanded ransoms
Why was the Sack of Rome significant?
What was Paul III’s approach to church reform?
- Recognised issues within the Church
- Attempted to call a general council in 1536 (interrupted by 3rd Habsburg-Valois War)
- Ordered 80 absent bishops to return to their dioceses
- Supported new religious orders e.g. Capuchins, Ursulines
- Made 5 members of the Oratory of Divine Love cardinals
What was the Consilium de Emendanda Ecclesia (1537)?
What did the Consilium de Emandanda Ecclesia say about the state of the Catholic Church?
How did Paul react to the Consilium?
Why was Paul’s reaction to the Consilium significant?
How did Charles V and Paul III drift apart in their attitudes towards Protestantism after 1537?
Why was the Council of Trent called in 1545?
What did the Council of Trent decree?
How was the Council of Trent significant for the survival of Lutheranism in the HRE?
