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Biology 105 > Chapter 2: Homeostasis > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Homeostasis Flashcards

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1
Q

Set point/set point range

A

Normal reading or range of normal

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2
Q

Autopoiesis

A

Life is self-organizing and self-maintaining

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3
Q

Level of organization smallest - largest

A

Chemical-organelle-cellular-tissue-organ-system-organism

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4
Q

5 types of cells

A

Neuron/glandular/RBC’s/muscle/immune

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5
Q

4 types of tissue

A

Epithelial/connective/muscle/nervous

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6
Q

Define “Form Fits Function”

A

Understanding The structure of something leads to clues to the function. If we do not understand the function how can we make anything better?

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7
Q

Ectomorph

A

Thin with little body fat

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8
Q

Endomorph

A

Heavyset. Accumulations of fat

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9
Q

Mesomorph

A

Muscular

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10
Q

Integumentary

A

Separates internal environment from external, providing stability of internal fluid volume.

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11
Q

Skeletal system

A

Supports and protects internal environment, allowing movement; stores minerals that can be moved into and out of internal fluid

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12
Q

Muscular system

A

Powers and directs movements; provides heat

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13
Q

Nervous system

A

Regulates homeostatic mechanisms sensing changes, integrating information, sending signals to effectors

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14
Q

Endocrine system

A

Homeostatic regulation by secreting signaling hormones that travel through internal environment to effector cells

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15
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

Maintains internal constancy by transporting nutrients, water, oxygen, hormones, wastes, and other materials and heat within internal environment

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16
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Maintains constant fluid pressure by draining excess fluid from tissues, cleaning it, and recycling it to bloodstream

17
Q

Immune system

A

Defends internal environment against harmful agents

18
Q

Respiratory system

A

Maintains stable oxygen and CO2 levels in body by exchanging these gases between external and internal environments; provides vocal communication with others for protection, hunting, etc.

19
Q

Digestive system

A

Maintains relatively constant nutrient level by digesting food an absorbing nutrients into internal environment

20
Q

Urinary system

A

Maintains constantly low level of waste and regulates pH of internal environment; helps maintain constancy of internal water volume and balance of ions and other substances

21
Q

Reproductive system

A

Passes genetic code containing information for forming a body and maintaining homeostasis to offspring

22
Q

Wallenda method compares homeostasis to what?

A

Home heating system controlled by a thermostat

23
Q

Homeostatic control mechanisms

A

Processes for maintaining or restoring homeostasis

24
Q

Feedback control loop

A

Highly complex and integrated communication control system or network

25
Q

4 components of a feedback loop

A

1) sensor mechanism 2) integrator or control system 3) effector mechanism 4) Feedback

26
Q

Afferent movement of a signal

A

Signal is traveling toward a particular center or point of reference

27
Q

Efferent movement of a signal

A

Moving away from a point of reference

28
Q

Variable

A

Any state or condition in the body that can change or very

29
Q

Function of a SENSOR in a control system

A

Sensory nerve cells or endocrine glands that are able to identify the characteristics or condition being controlled. It can also respond to any changes that may occur from a normal set point range

30
Q

Function of the INTEGRATOR or control center on a control system

A

Often a discrete area of the brain that receives input from a homeostatic sensor

31
Q

What is an EFFECTOR?

A

Organs such as muscles or glands, that directly influence controlled physiological variables

32
Q

What do Neg. Feedback loops do?

A

These control systems are inhibitory. They oppose or “negate” a change by creating a response that is opposite in direction to the initial disturbance. Responsible for maintaining a constant internal environment

33
Q

What do Positive feedback loops do?

A

These do not operate to help the body maintain a stable, or homeostatic condition, it can be harmful to survival. These loops are stimulators. They amplify or reinforce the change that is occurring (oxytocin in labor)

34
Q

Intracellular control

A

Mechanisms operating at cell level

35
Q

Intrinsic control

A

Operating at tissue ad organ level

36
Q

Extrinsic control

A

Operates at system and organism levels

Biology 105 (2 decks)

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