Chapter 2: Health and Justice Flashcards
One Justice
Ties the injustices of each into injustices of many; Rather than competitive survival of the fittest, we think about our lives one in all and all in one.
Our ideals are shaped by the material conditions of our lives, and our material conditions are shaped by our ideals.
True
_______thinking gives us a dangerously reductionist image of the world as a series of parts.
Mechanical
the more ________ view is that all life — not just social life — is an interactive phenomenon in which causes cause effects and effects effect causes.
ecological
Deterministic view
The world is what it is because of what it is; what happened is what could happen.
Unfinalizability
The constant capacity for re-ordering and de-ordering, which stems from interactiveness of that which is always at least partially un-ordered.
__________is the dominant way of thinking today and it embodies individualist understanding of justice as trade-offs; “the greatest good for the greatest number.”
Utilitarianism
Consequentialism
Focuses on results rather than the way we get there.
Economic utilitarianism
Utilitarian ideals are focused on the growth in gross domestic product (GDP) as a mark of social improvement.
What is the issue with utilitarianism?
It is only concerned with getting the greater good to the greatest number, not for all. So, it accepts inequality in the distribution of the good.
Tyranny of the majority
A member of the minority is forced to surrender fundamental rights in service of the majority’s interests.
Pareto optimality
Allowing the greater advantage to some if it does not make others worse off.
Why can’t pareto optimality ever work?
Because the person with the greater advantage will be able to compete better in the market and the non-advantaged will be relatively worse off even if nothing is taken from them.
