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Management Information Systems > Chapter 2 - Hardware and Software > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Hardware and Software Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 phases that a processor uses to complete an instruction?

A

Instruction and execution

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2
Q

What unit of measurement is clock speed measured in?

A

Gigahertz (GHz)

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3
Q

What is a low-cost approach to parallel computing?

A

Grid computing

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4
Q

What is the chief function of memory?

A

Rapidly providing data and instructions to the CPU

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5
Q

Instructions or data can be temporarily stored in and read from where?

A

Random Access Memory (RAM)

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6
Q

What’s it mean when a memory’s contents are not lost if the power is turned off or interrupted?

A

The memory is nonvolatile

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7
Q

What is critical to an organization’s success?

A

Storing data safely and effectively

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8
Q

What is the best overall data storage solution for most organizations?

A

A combination of different secondary storage options

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9
Q

Is secondary storage less expensive than primary memory on a cost per-megabyte basis?

A

Yes

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10
Q

Is secondary data storage directly accessible by the CPU?

A

No

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11
Q

What do computers usually use to access secondary storage?

A

Input/output channels

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12
Q

What are the 3 most critical mechanical components inside an HDD storage device?

A

The disk drives, the fans, and read/write heads

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13
Q

How do the optical storage devices’ lasers record data?

A

By physically burning pits in the disc

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14
Q

What are 3 examples of optical storage devices?

A

CDs, DVDs, and Blu-rays

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15
Q

Fill in the Blank: More/Less and Faster/Slower

A solid-state storage device’s memory chips require ____ power and provide _____ data access than magnetic data storage devices

A
  1. Less

2. Faster

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16
Q

What is one example of a commonly used SSD?

A

USB

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17
Q

What does USB stand for?

A

Universal Serial Bus

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18
Q

Which flash drives are external to the computer and are removable and rewritable?

A

USBs

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19
Q

What is a large-scale secondary storage that stores large amounts of data created throughout an organization?

A

Enterprise storage

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20
Q

What are the 2 most common forms of enterprise storage?

A

Storage area networks and storage as a service

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21
Q

An organization can centralize the people, policies, procedures, and practices for managing storage, and a data storage manager can apply the data consistently across an enterprise using what?

A

A storage area network

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22
Q

What enables users to store and back up their data without requiring a major investment to create and maintain their own data storage infrastructure?

A

Storage as a service

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23
Q

What are the gateways to the computer system?

A

Input/output devices

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24
Q

What does getting data into a computer (input) often require?

A

Transferring human readable data into a computer system

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25
What are 2 common devices used for entry and input of data?
A keyboard and a computer mouse
26
What are major video game makers basing their game controllers on?
Motion-sensing input devices
27
What captures image and character data?
Scanning devices
28
Individuals and organizations can also use what to scan documents?
An optical data reader
29
What are 2 categories of optical data readers?
Optical mark recognition and optical character recognition
30
What is used for tasks such as grading tests and scanning forms?
Optical mark recognition
31
What uses reflected light to recognize and scan various machine-generated characters?
Optical character recognition
32
What did the banking industry develop to process paper checks, loan applications, bank statements, and other financial documents?
Magnetic ink character recognition (MICR)
33
What is a system for reading banking data quickly?
Magnetic ink character recognition (MICR)
34
What stores a limited amount of data by modifying the magnetism of tiny iron-based particles contained in a band on the card?
Magnetic stripe cards
35
Is the magnetic stripe a secure place for sensitive consumer information?
No
36
What are frequently used in retail operations to enter sales information into computer systems?
Point-of-sale devices
37
What is a terminal that bank customers use to perform transactions with their bank accounts?
ATM
38
Is the ATM an input/output device?
Yes
39
What does ATM stand for?
Automated teller machine
40
What employs a laser scanner to read a bar-coded label and pass the data to a computer?
A bar-code scanner
41
What is read by an RFID reader and processed per the needs of a computer program?
A tag
42
What is the purpose of a RFID system?
To transmit data by a mobile device
43
What remove the need for a keyboard, which conserves space and increases portability?
Touch screens
44
What is a device used to show the output from the computer?
The display screen
45
What is one of the most useful and common forms of output?
A hard copy
46
What are the 2 main types of printers?
Laser printers and inkjet printers
47
What is a paper output from a printer called?
A hard copy
48
What is commonly used by aerospace firms, auto manufacturers, and other design-intensive companies?
3D printing
49
What is valuable during the conceptual stage of engineering design?
3D printing
50
What uses 3D printers to build human parts and organs from actual human cells?
Bioprinting
51
What are 2 types that computers are classified as?
Special purpose and general purpose
52
Which computers are used for limited applications?
Special purpose computers
53
Which computers are used for a variety of applications, including the business applications discussed in this text?
General purpose computers
54
What are 5 examples of mobile computers?
Smartphones, laptops, notebooks, ultrabooks, and tablets
55
What can you use to place calls, download and run apps, and much more?
A smartphone
56
True or False: A smartphones features and capabilities vary from model to model and manufacturer to manufacturer
True
57
What is a personal computers designed for use by mobile users?
A laptop
58
What is a portable, lightweight computers that can come with or without a keyboard and allow you to roam the office, home, or factory floor, carrying the device like a clipboard?
A tablet
59
What are low-cost, centrally managed computers with no internal or external attached drives for data storage?
Thin clients
60
What is a single-user computer systems that are highly versatile?
A desktop computer
61
What are computers that are very small, inexpensive desktop computer typically used for Internet access, email, and accessing Web-based applications?
Nettop Computers
62
What are powerful computers that are used to support engineering and technical users who perform heavy mathematical computing, computer-assisted design (CAD), video editing, and other applications requiring a high-end processor?
Workstations
63
What are the 3 goals of green computing?
1. Reduce the use of hazardous material 2. Allow companies to lower their power-related costs 3. Enable the safe disposal or recycling of computers and computer-related equipment.
64
What are the 2 types of software?
System software and application software
65
Which software includes operating systems, utilities, and middleware that coordinate the activities and functions of the hardware and other programs throughout the computer system?
System software
66
Which software consists of programs that help users solve specific computing problems?
Application software
67
What is formed when two or more people work together to achieve a common goal?
A workgroup
68
What is the primary role of system software?
To control the operations of computer hardware
69
What supports the problem-solving capabilities of application programs?
The system software
70
What is a set of programs that controls a computer’s hardware and acts as an interface with application software?
An operating system
71
What is a system that is commonly used in personal computers, tablets, and smartphones that support one user at a time?
A single computer with a single user
72
What is a system that is used in larger server or mainframe computers that support hundreds or thousands of people, all using the computer at the same time?
A single computer with multiple simultaneous users
73
What is a system that is used in computer networks, including home networks with several computers attached as well as large computer networks with hundreds of computers attached, supporting many users, who may be located around the world?
Multiple computers with multiple users
74
What is a system that is typical of many computers with specialized functions, such as those that control sophisticated military aircraft, digital cameras, or home appliances?
Special-purpose computers
75
What is the heart of the operating system and controls its most critical processes?
The kernel
76
What is one of the most important functions of any operating system?
Providing a user interface
77
What allows people to access and interact with the computer system?
A user interface
78
What requires you to give text commands to the computer to perform basic activities?
A command-based user interface
79
What displays pictures (called icons) and menus that people use to send commands to the computer system?
A graphical user interface (GUI)
80
What is a set of programming instructions and standards that enable one software program to access and use the services of another software program?
An application programming interface (API)
81
What refers to the ability of a software program to run on any platform, without concern for the specific underlying hardware?
Hardware independence
82
Which processing task allows two or more users to run programs at the same time on the same computer?
Multiuser
83
Which processing task supports running a program on more than one CPU?
Multiprocessing
84
Which processing task allows more than one program to run concurrently?
Multitasking
85
Which processing task allows different threads of a single program to run concurrently?
Multithreading
86
Which processing task responds to input instantly?
Real time
87
True or False: Current operating systems incorporate sophisticated features and impressive graphic effects
True
88
Which operating system eventually gave way to the more user-friendly Windows operating system, which opened the PC market to everyday users?
The MSDOS
89
What is Apple's operating system?
The Mac OS X
90
What is the first modern server OS from Apple Computer?
The Mac OS X Server
91
What is a computer system that is implanted in and dedicated to the control of another device?
An embedded system
92
What are 2 examples of embedded operating systems?
Linux and Windows Embedded
93
What is software that provides messaging services that allow different applications to communicate and exchange data?
Middleware
94
What is the systematic tying together of disparate applications so that they can communicate?
Enterprise application integration (EAI)
95
What is a software design approach based on the use of discrete pieces of software (modules) to provide specific functions as services to other applications?
Service-oriented architecture (SOA)
96
# Fill in the Blank: The primary function of ______________ is to apply the power of the computer to enable people, workgroups, and the entire enterprise to solve problems and perform specific tasks.
Application software
97
What is a collection of programs packaged together and sold in a bundle?
A software suite

Management Information Systems (10 decks)

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