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Management Information Systems > Chapter 2 - Hardware and Software > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Hardware and Software Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 phases that a processor uses to complete an instruction?

A

Instruction and execution

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2
Q

What unit of measurement is clock speed measured in?

A

Gigahertz (GHz)

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3
Q

What is a low-cost approach to parallel computing?

A

Grid computing

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4
Q

What is the chief function of memory?

A

Rapidly providing data and instructions to the CPU

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5
Q

Instructions or data can be temporarily stored in and read from where?

A

Random Access Memory (RAM)

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6
Q

What’s it mean when a memory’s contents are not lost if the power is turned off or interrupted?

A

The memory is nonvolatile

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7
Q

What is critical to an organization’s success?

A

Storing data safely and effectively

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8
Q

What is the best overall data storage solution for most organizations?

A

A combination of different secondary storage options

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9
Q

Is secondary storage less expensive than primary memory on a cost per-megabyte basis?

A

Yes

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10
Q

Is secondary data storage directly accessible by the CPU?

A

No

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11
Q

What do computers usually use to access secondary storage?

A

Input/output channels

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12
Q

What are the 3 most critical mechanical components inside an HDD storage device?

A

The disk drives, the fans, and read/write heads

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13
Q

How do the optical storage devices’ lasers record data?

A

By physically burning pits in the disc

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14
Q

What are 3 examples of optical storage devices?

A

CDs, DVDs, and Blu-rays

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15
Q

Fill in the Blank: More/Less and Faster/Slower

A solid-state storage device’s memory chips require ____ power and provide _____ data access than magnetic data storage devices

A
  1. Less

2. Faster

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16
Q

What is one example of a commonly used SSD?

A

USB

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17
Q

What does USB stand for?

A

Universal Serial Bus

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18
Q

Which flash drives are external to the computer and are removable and rewritable?

A

USBs

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19
Q

What is a large-scale secondary storage that stores large amounts of data created throughout an organization?

A

Enterprise storage

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20
Q

What are the 2 most common forms of enterprise storage?

A

Storage area networks and storage as a service

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21
Q

An organization can centralize the people, policies, procedures, and practices for managing storage, and a data storage manager can apply the data consistently across an enterprise using what?

A

A storage area network

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22
Q

What enables users to store and back up their data without requiring a major investment to create and maintain their own data storage infrastructure?

A

Storage as a service

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23
Q

What are the gateways to the computer system?

A

Input/output devices

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24
Q

What does getting data into a computer (input) often require?

A

Transferring human readable data into a computer system

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25
Q

What are 2 common devices used for entry and input of data?

A

A keyboard and a computer mouse

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26
Q

What are major video game makers basing their game controllers on?

A

Motion-sensing input devices

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27
Q

What captures image and character data?

A

Scanning devices

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28
Q

Individuals and organizations can also use what to scan documents?

A

An optical data reader

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29
Q

What are 2 categories of optical data readers?

A

Optical mark recognition and optical character recognition

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30
Q

What is used for tasks such as grading tests and scanning forms?

A

Optical mark recognition

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31
Q

What uses reflected light to recognize and scan various machine-generated characters?

A

Optical character recognition

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32
Q

What did the banking industry develop to process paper checks, loan applications, bank statements, and other financial documents?

A

Magnetic ink character recognition (MICR)

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33
Q

What is a system for reading banking data quickly?

A

Magnetic ink character recognition (MICR)

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34
Q

What stores a limited amount of data by modifying the magnetism of tiny iron-based particles contained in a band on the card?

A

Magnetic stripe cards

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35
Q

Is the magnetic stripe a secure place for sensitive consumer information?

A

No

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36
Q

What are frequently used in retail operations to enter sales information into computer systems?

A

Point-of-sale devices

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37
Q

What is a terminal that bank customers use to perform transactions with their bank accounts?

A

ATM

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38
Q

Is the ATM an input/output device?

A

Yes

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39
Q

What does ATM stand for?

A

Automated teller machine

40
Q

What employs a laser scanner to read a bar-coded label and pass the data to a computer?

A

A bar-code scanner

41
Q

What is read by an RFID reader and processed per the needs of a computer program?

A

A tag

42
Q

What is the purpose of a RFID system?

A

To transmit data by a mobile device

43
Q

What remove the need for a keyboard, which conserves space and increases portability?

A

Touch screens

44
Q

What is a device used to show the output from the computer?

A

The display screen

45
Q

What is one of the most useful and common forms of output?

A

A hard copy

46
Q

What are the 2 main types of printers?

A

Laser printers and inkjet printers

47
Q

What is a paper output from a printer called?

A

A hard copy

48
Q

What is commonly used by aerospace firms, auto manufacturers, and other design-intensive companies?

A

3D printing

49
Q

What is valuable during the conceptual stage of engineering design?

A

3D printing

50
Q

What uses 3D printers to build human parts and organs from actual human cells?

A

Bioprinting

51
Q

What are 2 types that computers are classified as?

A

Special purpose and general purpose

52
Q

Which computers are used for limited applications?

A

Special purpose computers

53
Q

Which computers are used for a variety of applications, including the business applications discussed in this text?

A

General purpose computers

54
Q

What are 5 examples of mobile computers?

A

Smartphones, laptops, notebooks, ultrabooks, and tablets

55
Q

What can you use to place calls, download and run apps, and much more?

A

A smartphone

56
Q

True or False:

A smartphones features and capabilities vary from model to model and manufacturer to manufacturer

A

True

57
Q

What is a personal computers designed for use by mobile users?

A

A laptop

58
Q

What is a portable, lightweight computers that can come with or without a keyboard and allow you to roam the office, home, or factory floor, carrying the device like a clipboard?

A

A tablet

59
Q

What are low-cost, centrally managed computers with no internal or external attached drives for data storage?

A

Thin clients

60
Q

What is a single-user computer systems that are highly versatile?

A

A desktop computer

61
Q

What are computers that are very small, inexpensive desktop computer typically used for Internet access, email, and accessing Web-based applications?

A

Nettop Computers

62
Q

What are powerful computers that are used to support engineering and technical users who perform heavy mathematical computing, computer-assisted design (CAD), video editing, and other applications requiring a high-end processor?

A

Workstations

63
Q

What are the 3 goals of green computing?

A
  1. Reduce the use of hazardous material
  2. Allow companies to lower their power-related costs
  3. Enable the safe disposal or recycling of computers and computer-related equipment.
64
Q

What are the 2 types of software?

A

System software and application software

65
Q

Which software includes operating systems, utilities, and middleware that coordinate the activities and functions of the hardware and other programs throughout the computer system?

A

System software

66
Q

Which software consists of programs that help users solve specific computing problems?

A

Application software

67
Q

What is formed when two or more people work together to achieve a common goal?

A

A workgroup

68
Q

What is the primary role of system software?

A

To control the operations of computer hardware

69
Q

What supports the problem-solving capabilities of application programs?

A

The system software

70
Q

What is a set of programs that controls a computer’s hardware and acts as an interface with application software?

A

An operating system

71
Q

What is a system that is commonly used in personal computers, tablets, and smartphones that support one user at a time?

A

A single computer with a single user

72
Q

What is a system that is used in larger server or mainframe computers that support hundreds or thousands of people, all using the computer at the same time?

A

A single computer with multiple simultaneous users

73
Q

What is a system that is used in computer networks, including home networks with several computers attached as well as large computer networks with hundreds of computers attached, supporting many users, who may be located around the world?

A

Multiple computers with multiple users

74
Q

What is a system that is typical of many computers with specialized functions, such as those that control sophisticated military aircraft, digital cameras, or home appliances?

A

Special-purpose computers

75
Q

What is the heart of the operating system and controls its most critical processes?

A

The kernel

76
Q

What is one of the most important functions of any operating system?

A

Providing a user interface

77
Q

What allows people to access and interact with the computer system?

A

A user interface

78
Q

What requires you to give text commands to the computer to perform basic activities?

A

A command-based user interface

79
Q

What displays pictures (called icons) and menus that people use to send commands to the computer system?

A

A graphical user interface (GUI)

80
Q

What is a set of programming instructions and standards that enable one software program to access and use the services of another software program?

A

An application programming interface (API)

81
Q

What refers to the ability of a software program to run on any platform, without concern for the specific underlying hardware?

A

Hardware independence

82
Q

Which processing task allows two or more users to run programs at the same time on the same computer?

A

Multiuser

83
Q

Which processing task supports running a program on more than one CPU?

A

Multiprocessing

84
Q

Which processing task allows more than one program to run concurrently?

A

Multitasking

85
Q

Which processing task allows different threads of a single program to run concurrently?

A

Multithreading

86
Q

Which processing task responds to input instantly?

A

Real time

87
Q

True or False:

Current operating systems incorporate sophisticated features and impressive graphic effects

A

True

88
Q

Which operating system eventually gave way to the more user-friendly Windows operating system, which opened the PC market to everyday users?

A

The MSDOS

89
Q

What is Apple’s operating system?

A

The Mac OS X

90
Q

What is the first modern server OS from Apple Computer?

A

The Mac OS X Server

91
Q

What is a computer system that is implanted in and dedicated to the control of another device?

A

An embedded system

92
Q

What are 2 examples of embedded operating systems?

A

Linux and Windows Embedded

93
Q

What is software that provides messaging services that allow different applications to communicate and exchange data?

A

Middleware

94
Q

What is the systematic tying together of disparate applications so that they can communicate?

A

Enterprise application integration (EAI)

95
Q

What is a software design approach based on the use of discrete pieces of software (modules) to provide specific functions as services to other applications?

A

Service-oriented architecture (SOA)

96
Q

Fill in the Blank:

The primary function of ______________ is to apply the power of the computer to enable people, workgroups, and the entire enterprise to solve problems and perform specific tasks.

A

Application software

97
Q

What is a collection of programs packaged together and sold in a bundle?

A

A software suite

Management Information Systems (10 decks)

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