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Dimensions > Chapter 2- Growth of Nursing > Flashcards

Chapter 2- Growth of Nursing Flashcards

1
Q

Florence Nightingale

A

“Lady with the lamp”

Cared for soldiers Crimean War

38 nurses to Turkey improve filthy conditions she found in British hospitals

Carried oil lamps on nightly rounds

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2
Q

Symbol: pin

A

1st pin given to Florence Nightingale

Awarded each of her nurses w/”badge of excellence”

Pinning ceremony: acknowledges nursing graduates as belonging to unique group and identifies them as new members of health-care community

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3
Q

Symbol: cap

A

Women were required to keep their heads covered

Prevalent in Hebrew, Greek, Roman cultures

Wisdom,faith, honesty, trust, dedication

Kept women long hair up and out of face and from being soiled

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4
Q

Symbol: service

A

Veil to white cap “service to others”

Florence Nightingale practiced during Victorian Era, her cap was similar to cleaning ladies because it covered her head better

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5
Q

Lillian Wald

A

Graduated from NY hospital training school in 1901

Henry Street Settlement: storefront health clinic in poorest sections of NY

Social reformer

American Red Cross Town and Country Nursing Service

1912 1st president of National Organization for Public Health Nursing

1st to put nurses in public schools

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6
Q

Isabel Robb

A

1881 NY to train as nurse

Director for raising standards of nursing in US

Implement grading policy

Reduced long training hours

Chairwoman for American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses

1st president of group in Nurses Associated Alumnae of US and Canada later (ANA) American Nurses Association

Developed the American Journal of Nursing (1st for improvement)

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7
Q

Lavinia Lloyd

A

Professionalization and equality of women

Wrote 1st medication textbook

Believer poverty and squalor contributed to poor health- Social reformer to address problems

20 yrs women right to vote

Considered most influential leaders of early 20th century

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8
Q

Annie Goodrich

A

Educator

School inspector

US army own nursing school: serve as model for others established WW1

Vassar College: theoretical information

Dean at Yale School of Nursing

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9
Q

Loretta Ford

A

Officer in US Army Air Force 1943

Accepted into BS program at Colorado after war later became assistant professor here

Worked as pediatrician

Extending the role of nurse in health care community: blueprint for educational curriculums for NPs

Founding dean of University of Rochester School of Nursing

Director of Nursing Service at University Hospital

2003 Awarded Blackwell Award (1st female doctor in America)

2011 Women’s Hall of Fame transformed profession and made healthcare more accessible to public

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10
Q

Position

A

Group of tasks assigned to an individual

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11
Q

Job

A

Group of positions similar in nature and level of skill

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12
Q

Occupation

A

Group of jobs similar in type of work that are usually found throughout an industry or work environment

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13
Q

Profession

A

Occupation that requires prolonged preparation and formal qualifications

Meets higher level above occupation

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14
Q

Professional

A

Person who belongs to practice a profession

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15
Q

Professionalism

A

Demonstration of high level personal, ethical, and skill characteristics of a member of a profession

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16
Q

Process approach

A

All occupations are points of development into profession situated along continuum

ranging from position to profession

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17
Q

Power approach

A

How much independence of practice does this occupation have?

How much power does this occupation control?

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18
Q

Evidence based practice

A

Practice of nursing in which interventions are based on data from research

Appropriate and successful

Uncovering, evaluating, using info from research as basis for making decisions

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19
Q

National league of nursing (NLN)

A

Regulates quality of educational programs that prepare nurses for the practice of nursing

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20
Q

American Nurses Association (ANA)

A

Quality of nursing practice in the daily health-care setting

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21
Q

Powerful professional organizations

A

American Hospital Association

American Medical Association (AMA)

American Bar Association (ABA)

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22
Q

Specialty organizations

A

Represent specific area of practice

Lack sufficient political power to produce changes in healthcare laws and policies at national level

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23
Q

National Licensure Exam

A

Conducted by state under regulations contained in state’s nurse practice act

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24
Q

Job vs career

Nursing? Job or career

A

Job: group of positions similar in skill, carried out by more than one individual

Career: persons major life work, progresses and develops as person gets older

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25
Q

RN

A

Associates, diploma, baccalaureate

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26
Q

LPNs and UAPs

A

Licensed practical nurses and unlicensed assistive personnel work under RN supervision

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27
Q

NP

A

Direct client care

Focus on health promotion, prevention, early diagnosis, treatment of common health problems

Certified by American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC)

Responsibility: diagnosis disease, prescribe treatment and medications

28
Q

Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS)

A

Secondary or tertiary care

Acute illness or chronology condition

Graduate level and ANCC certified

High tech environments seriously ill

Educators & physician collaborators

29
Q

Goal: combine CNS with NP

A

Advocates:

NLN

American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN)

ANA

30
Q

Case managers

A

Coordinate services for clients high-rock or long-term health problems

Goal: coordinate health-care services in the most efficient and cost-effective manner as possible

ANCC developed certification eligibility criteria for nurse case managers

-physicians, social workers, RNs, well intentioned lay persons

31
Q

Power

A

Ability or capacity to exert influence over another group or ppl

Getting people to do things they don’t want to

Power exerted by 1 person, another is affected

32
Q

Empowerment

A

Increase in power that individual or group is either given or gains

33
Q

Origins of power

A 
Referent
Expert
Reward
Coercive
Legitimate
Collective
34
Q

Referent power

A

Establishing and maintaining close personal relationship with someone

Ability to change actions of another is an exercise of power

Good therapeutic relationships

35
Q

Expert power

A

Knowledge, skill, expertise

Education and experience

Demonstrating knowledge of clients condition, recent laboratory tests, and other vital elements to patient recovery

Teach, counsel, motivate clients to follow plan of care

36
Q

Power of rewards

A

Personal favors, money, expanded privileges, eradication of punishments

Influence client behavior and behavioral modification

37
Q

Coercive power

A

Reprimand, withhold rewards, threaten punishment

Can destroy therapeutic and personal relationships

Unethical and often illegal

38
Q

Legitimate power

A

Legislative or legal act giving individual or organization the right to make a legal decision

Political figures and legislatures

State board of Nursing: has access, established under nurse practice act of the state

39
Q

Collective power

A

Underlying source for many other sources of power

Large group individuals have similar beliefs, desires, needs become organized

Politicians and lobbyists

Elements of reward, coercive, expert, referent sources

40
Q

Increasing nursing power

A

Professional unity

Political activity

Accountability and professionalism

Networking

41
Q

Professional unity

A

Most powerful groups are organized and united

Nurses need to belong to national nursing organization

42
Q

Political activity

A

If nurses don’t make decisions legislatures will

Nurses know clients rights, national health insurance, quality of nursing care, third-party reimbursement, expanded practice roles

43
Q

Accountability and Professionalism

A

Establish high quality client care

Accepting responsibility and setting standard to guide care

Nurses take power to govern nursing away from non-nursing groups

44
Q

Networking

A

Never criticize “old boy” in public

Presentation of united front

45
Q

Watson model of Human Caring

A

Jean Watson

Philosophical approach

Balance impersonal aspects of nursing care in technological and scientific aspects of practice

Personal and interpersonal elements of care that grow from humanistic belief in life

Client and family’s spiritual beliefs is essential element of health

46
Q

Dorothy E. Johnson

A

Johnson model

See human behavior as being goal directed

Key to illness prevention: restore health when illness occurs

Client behavioral system: 7 distinct behavioral subsystems (4 structural elements each)

47
Q

Credentialing

A

Process whereby individuals, programs, institutions are designated as having met minimal standards for safety and welfare of public

48
Q

Early attempts at licensure: Florence Nightingale

A

First to establish formal list or register for graduates for nursing school

49
Q

Early attempts at licensure: 1st organized attempt

A

1896

Nurses Associated Alumnae of US and Canada (now known as ANA)

Failed

50
Q

Early attempts at licensure: international council of nurses

A

Required state to establish a licensure and examination procedure for nurses

51
Q

Early attempts at licensure: NY

A

3 years

Licensure bill that passed legislature

North Carolina, New Jersey, Virginia followed

52
Q

ANA Council of State Boards of Nursing

A

1945

Oversee development of uniform examination for nurses that could be used by all state board of nursing

53
Q

NCLEX-RN

A

Origin: state board examination

National Council Licensure Examination

54
Q

Mutual recognition Model for Nursing Licensure

A

Nurses licensed in one state to practice nursing in other states that belong to regional agreement

Eventual goal: universal license

55
Q

Registration

A

Listing of license with a state for a fee

56
Q

Licensure

A

Protect public health, safety, welfare by establishing professional standards

Minimal level of competency and safety

57
Q

Permissive Licensure

A

Cannot write RN after name

Only protects “registered nurse”

Health-care administrators support idea because they can hire less educated and lower paid employees

Quality of care decreases

CNA/UPA

58
Q

Mandatory Licensure

A

Licensure examination

Registered by SBN

technical level: LPN/LVN examination
Professional level: RN examination

59
Q

Institutional Licensure

A

Rejected by major organizations

Individual healthcare institutions to determine which individuals are qualified to practice nursing without general guideline

Allow foreign graduate nurses to work in US without taking US Licensure exam

Lower cost & decrease quality of care

60
Q

Reciprocity

A

Nurses move state to state can obtain Licensure by endorsement by having state recognize nursing license from original Licensure state

61
Q

Certification

A

Granting credentials to indicate that individual has achieved a level of ability higher than the minimal level of competency

62
Q

Individual certification

A

Most Common

Obtained by certain level of ability above and beyond basic level required

Written and practical exam required

63
Q

American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC)

A

Certificates in 40+ areas

64
Q

CEUs

A

Continuing education units

65
Q

Organizational certification

A

External agency

Referred to as accreditation

Institution has met standards established by gvt or non gvt agency

Most hospitals: joint commission (formerly the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations) JCAHO

66
Q

Midwives

A

Prenatal examinations

Prenatal teaching

Deliver babies in uncomplicated pregnancies

67
Q

APRNs

A

Advance practice registered nurses

Masters degree

21st century

ACA recognizes APRNs as equal partners in providing health care at multiple levels especially PRIMARY CARE

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