Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Cosmo 131(4th Quarter) > Chapter 2 Glossary > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

Anabolism

A

process of simple molecules combining to form a complex molecule; requires energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anatomy

A

also called gross anatomy, is the study of human body structures, how the body parts are organized, and the science of the interconnected structures of organisms, or of their parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A

part of the nervous system that controls involuntary muscle action and regulates the action of the smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels, heart and breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Belly

A

middle part of the muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Body systems

A

also known as systems; groups of body organs acting together to perform one or more functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Brain

A

one of the body’s most complex organs that controls all the body’s functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Buccinator

A

muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels air between the lips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Catabolism

A

process of breaking complex molecules down into simple molecules; releases energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cell membrane

A

thin layer of tissue that surrounds the cell; it protects the interior of the cell from its surroundings and is semipermeable, meaning it allows certain substances to enter the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cells

A

basic units of all living things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Central nervous system (CNS)

A

controls voluntary muscle actions and consists of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A

seven bones located below the skull; provide support, structure and flexibility to the neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Connective tissue

A

is fibrous tissue that binds and supports other body tissues and organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Corrugator

A

small muscle located between the eyebrows just below the frontalis; draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles the forehead vertically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cranium

A

oval, bony case consisting of eight bones that protect the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cytoplasm

A

watery fluid that surrounds the nucleus; provides structure for cell parts to move within the cell membrane; enzymes in the cytoplasm help digest and break down other molecules for food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Depressor labii inferioris

A

muscle that surrounds and lowers the lower lip and draws it to one side, as when expressing sarcasm; also known as quadratus labii inferioris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Epicranial aponeurosis

A

tendon that connects the occipitalis and frontalis muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Epicranius

A

broad muscle that covers the top of the skull and consists of the occipitalis and frontalis; also called occipitofrontalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

provides a covering that protects the body and is found within many parts of the body such as skin, mucous membranes, digestive and respiratory organs, the lining of the mouth, the lining of the heart, and the glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ethmoid bone

A

separates nasal cavity from the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Facial skeleton

A

framework of the face; composed of 14 bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Frontal bone

A

bone that forms the forehead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Frontalis

A

front (anterior) portion of the epicranius; scalp muscle that raises the eyebrows, draws the scalp forward, and causes wrinkles across the forehead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Hyoid bone
U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports it and its muscles; the only bone of the throat
26
Integumentary system
body system consisting of skin and its accessory organs, such as the oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair, and nails, it serves as a protective covering and helps regulate the body’s temperature
27
Joint
connection between two or more bones
28
Lacrimal bones
two small, thin bones located in the front inside wall of the eye sockets (orbits)
29
Levator anguli oris
muscle that raises the angle of the mouth and draws it inward
30
Levator labii superioris
muscle that surrounds and elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostrils, as when expressing distaste
31
Levator palpebrae superioris
thin muscle that controls the movement of the eyelid
32
Mandible
largest and strongest bone of the face that forms the lower jaw
33
Masseter
originates at the lower part of the zygomatic; moves the mandible, causing the mouth to close
34
Mastication
medical term for chewing
35
Maxillae bones
two bones that form the upper jaw
36
Mentalis
muscle at the tip of the chin that elevates the lower lip and raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin
37
Metabolism
chemical process by which cells convert nutrients to energy
38
Mitosis
process of cell reproduction that occurs when the cell divides into two identical daughter cells
39
Motor nerves
also known as efferent nerves; carry impulses from the brain to the muscles or glands; these transmitted impulses produce movement
40
Muscular system
body system that covers and holds the skeletal system in place and moves various body parts
41
Myology
study of the structure, functions, and diseases of the muscular system
42
Nasal bones
two bones that form the bridge of the nose
43
Nerves
whitish bundles of nerve fibers that transmit impulses
44
Nerve tissue
carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all bodily functions
45
Nervous system
well organized body system composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves; controls and coordinates all other body systems
46
Neurology
study of the structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system
47
Nucleus
specialized structure at the center of the cell; controls growth and reproduction of the cell and contains the cell’s genetic material
48
Occipital bone
located below the parietal bones forming the back of the skull above the nape
49
Occipitalis
back (posterior) portion of the epicranius; muscle that draws the scalp backward
50
Orbicularis oculi
ring muscle of the eye socket that closes the eyelids and assists in pumping tears
51
Orbicularis oris
muscle that circles the mouth and contracts, puckers, and wrinkles the lips
52
Organs
groups of specialized tissues designed to perform specific functions
53
Origin
part of the muscle that does not move and is anchored to the bone; attached closest to the skeleton
54
Osteology
the study of bones
55
Parietal bones
two bones that form the sides and top of the cranium
56
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
system of nerves connecting the peripheral (outer) parts of the body to the central nervous system; has both sensory and motor nerves, carries impulses to and from the CNS
57
Physiology
the study of the functions or activities performed by the body’s structures
58
Platysma
broad muscle extending from the pectoral and deltoid muscles to the side of the chin; responsible for lowering the lower jaw and lip
59
Procerus
muscle that covers the bridge of the nose, lowers the eyebrows, and causes wrinkles across the bridge of the nose
60
Protoplasm
makes up a cell; contains nutrients, mineral salts, and water
61
Reflex
automatic reaction that involves sending an impulse from a sensory receptor along the sensory nerve to the spinal cord
62
Risorius
muscle at the corner of the mouth that draws it out and back, as when grinning
63
Sensory nerves
also known as afferent nerves, they carry messages from the sense organs (heat, cold, sight, sound, smell, taste) to the brain and spinal cord
64
Skeletal system
forms the physical foundation of the body and is composed of 206 bones that vary in size and shape; connected by movable and immovable joints
65
Skull
skeleton of the head; divided into two parts called the cranium and facial skeleton
66
Spinal cord
is the portion of the central nervous system that originates in the brain and extends down to the bottom of the spine
67
Sphenoid bone
forms base and sides of the skull
68
Sternocleidomastoideus
neck muscle that lowers and rotates the head; originates at the clavicle and inserts at the temporal bone near the ear
69
Temporal bones
two bones forming the sides of the head in the ear region
70
Temporalis
located near the temple that opens and closes the jaw
71
Tissue
group of similar cells that perform a specific function
72
Trapezius
muscle that covers the back of the neck and upper and middle regions of the back; lifts and turns the head, raises the shoulders, and controls swinging movements of the arm
73
Triangularis
muscle at the corner of the lip that extends over the chin and pulls down the corners of the mouth when frowning
74
Zygomatic bones
also known as cheekbones or malar bones; they form the prominence of the cheeks and the outer part of
75
Zygomaticus major
muscle that extends from the zygomatic bone to the angle of the mouth; directs the lip outward and upward when laughing or smiling
76
Zygomaticus minor
muscle that works with the zygomaticus major to make facial expressions

Cosmo 131(4th Quarter) (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions