Chapter 2: Funcitonal Neuroanatomy and Physiology of the Masticatory System

Question 1

Neuron

Answer 1

basic structural unit of the nervous system

Question 2

Where are nerve cell bodies located?

Answer 2

• CNS: located in the spinal cord gray matter

- Outside CNS: located in ganglia

Question 3

Which direction do afferent neurons conduct impulses?

Answer 3

toward CNS

Question 4

Which direction do efferent neurons conduct impulses?

Answer 4

away from CNS; towards periphery.

Question 5

What are interneurons?

Answer 5

neurons conduct impulses within the CNS

Question 6

Primary neuron

Answer 6

first order neuron

Question 7

secondary neuron

Answer 7

second order neuron

Question 8

What is the function of motor neurons?

Answer 8

(efferent neurons)

convey impulses to produce muscular or secretory effects.

Question 9

Axons

Answer 9

conduct action potential away from cell body

Question 10

dendrites

Answer 10

receive impulses/signal, conducts toward cell body

Question 11

synapses

Answer 11

-junction where nerve impulses are transmitted from one neuron to another.

Question 12

Where are afferent synapses located?

Answer 12

All afferent synapses are located within the gray substance of the CNS

Question 13

Exteroceptors

Answer 13

provide info from the exterior tissues of the body to inform the CNS of the conditions in the environment of the receptor.

Question 14

Nociceptors

Answer 14

located throughout the body and are specific for providing info regarding discomfort and pain

Question 15

proprioceptors

Answer 15

provide info regarding the position and movement of the mandible and associated oral structures.

Question 16

interoceptors

Answer 16

inform the CNS of the status of internal organs and processes such as blood flow, digestion, and breathing.

Question 17

Where do first-order neurons carry input?

Answer 17

into the dorsal horn to synapse with the second-order neurons.

Question 18

Where do tooth pulp afferents go?

Answer 18

subnucleus oralis
subnucleus interpolaris
subnucleus caudalis

*do not necessarily need to know these three, just that the pulp afferents go to all three subnuclei.

Question 19

Motor nucleus of the 5th cranial nerve

Answer 19

this area is involved with interpretation of impulses that demand motor responses. Motor reflex activites of the fae are initiated from this area in a similar manner to the spinal reflex activities of the rest of the body.

Question 20

retricular formation

Answer 20

plays a role in monitoring impulses that enter the brainstem.

Question 21

limbic structures

Answer 21

control emotion and behavior.
anger
rage
depression
anxiety
fear
paranoia

Question 22

cortex

Answer 22

most frequently associated with the thinking process. Also responsible