Chapter 2: Funcitonal Neuroanatomy and Physiology of the Masticatory System Flashcards
Neuron
basic structural unit of the nervous system
Where are nerve cell bodies located?
- CNS: located in the spinal cord gray matter
- Outside CNS: located in ganglia
Which direction do afferent neurons conduct impulses?
toward CNS
Which direction do efferent neurons conduct impulses?
away from CNS; towards periphery.
What are interneurons?
neurons conduct impulses within the CNS
Primary neuron
first order neuron
secondary neuron
second order neuron
What is the function of motor neurons?
(efferent neurons)
convey impulses to produce muscular or secretory effects.
Axons
conduct action potential away from cell body
dendrites
receive impulses/signal, conducts toward cell body
synapses
-junction where nerve impulses are transmitted from one neuron to another.
Where are afferent synapses located?
All afferent synapses are located within the gray substance of the CNS
Exteroceptors
provide info from the exterior tissues of the body to inform the CNS of the conditions in the environment of the receptor.
Nociceptors
located throughout the body and are specific for providing info regarding discomfort and pain
proprioceptors
provide info regarding the position and movement of the mandible and associated oral structures.
interoceptors
inform the CNS of the status of internal organs and processes such as blood flow, digestion, and breathing.
Where do first-order neurons carry input?
into the dorsal horn to synapse with the second-order neurons.
Where do tooth pulp afferents go?
subnucleus oralis
subnucleus interpolaris
subnucleus caudalis
*do not necessarily need to know these three, just that the pulp afferents go to all three subnuclei.
Motor nucleus of the 5th cranial nerve
this area is involved with interpretation of impulses that demand motor responses. Motor reflex activites of the fae are initiated from this area in a similar manner to the spinal reflex activities of the rest of the body.
retricular formation
plays a role in monitoring impulses that enter the brainstem.
limbic structures
control emotion and behavior. anger rage depression anxiety fear paranoia
cortex
most frequently associated with the thinking process. Also responsible
