Chapter 2 Firefighter Safety and Health Flashcards
NFPA and USFA numbers on fatalities and injuries per year
100 deaths. 80,000 injuries.
Leading types of injuries.
Strains and sprains. (nearly 50%)
Leading cause of death.
Stress and overexertion. (heart attack and stroke).
Injuries can be prevented by
training, discipline and accountability, safety SOP’s, using PPE, physical fitness, risk management guidelines, rehab at incidents.
Cardiovascular disease accounts for …….line of duty deaths.
45%, the highest factor.
Mitigate
To make less harsh or intense; to alleviate.
Hazard
Condition, substance, or device that can directly cause injury or loss; the source of a risk.
Percent of firefighters who are overweight.
40%
NFPA 1582
Standard on comprehensive occupational medical program for fire departments.
Stressor
Any agent, condition, or experience that causes stress.
Employee Assistance program
Program to help employees and their families with work or personal problems.
NFPA 1971
Standard on protective ensembles for structural fire fighting and proximity fire fighting.
NFPA 1975
Standard on station/work uniforms for emergency services.
NFPA 1977
Standard on protective clothing and equipment for wildland fire fighting.
NFPA 1403
Standard on live fire training evolution’s.
NFPA 1404
Standard for fire service respiratory protection training.
NFPA 1407
Standard for training fire service rapid intervention crews.
NFPA 1410
Standard on training for initial emergency scene operations.
NFPA 1451
Standard for fire service vehicle operations training program.
NFPA 1851
Standard on selection, care, and ,maintenance of protective ensembles for structural fire fighting and proximity fire fighting.
NFPA 1981
Standard on open circuit self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) for emergency services.
NFPA 1581
Standard on fire department infection control programs.
NFPA 1582
Standard on comprehensive occupational medical program for fire departments.
NFPA 1584
Standard on the rehabilitation process for members during emergency operations and training exercises.
NFPA 1500
Standard on fire department occupational safety and health program.
Basic concept of NFPA 1500 is to
promote safety throughout the fire service.
Departmental safety and health programs must address ..
all anticipated hazards to which the members might be exposed.
NFPA 1500 requires personnel not be assigned to firefighting duties until the have meet the requirements of
NFPA 1000 series of professional qualification (ProQual) standards.
Risk Management Plan
Written plan that analyzes the exposure to hazards, implements appropriate risk management techniques, and establishes criteria for monitoring their effectiveness.
NFPA 101
Life safety code
Faculties must have a space and means for cleaning, disinfecting and storing…..
infection control devices.
Goal of a critical incident stress management program
provide counseling for personnel involved in highly stressful incidents.
Topics covered in NFPA 1500
Safety and health related policies and procedures, Training and education, Fire apparatus, equipment, and driver/operators, PPE, Emergency operations, Facilty safety, Medical and physical requirements, Member assistance and wellness programs, Critical incident stress management program.
OSHA’s code of federal regulations title 29 are designed to
ensure work places are free from hazards that can cause death or serious injury.
OSHA regulations applies to
federal and and private sector employees.
How many states have adopted OSHA regulations?
25
Everyone goes home is also known as
16 firefighter life safety initiatives (pg61)
What NFPA standard requires all organizations implement a risk management plan?
NFPA 1500
NFPA requires departments implement a firefighter safety and health program that meats these three goals.
- Prevent human suffering, fatalities, injuries, and exposures to hazardous atmospheres and contagious diseases.
- Prevent damage to or loss of equipment.
- Reduce accidents and hazardous exposures, and their severity.
Second leading cause of firefighter deaths
Motor Vehicle Accidents
Five basic causes of fire apparatus collisions
Improper Backing, Excessive Speed, Lack of skill and experience, Reckless driving by the public, Poor design and maintenance.
Situational Awarness
Perception of the surrounding environment, and the ability to anticipate future events.
Who sets rules dealing with how responses are to be made in emergency vehicles.
States
Multiple emergency vehicles should travel at least …………feet apart.
300-500
Driver reaction distance
Distance travel from recognition of needing to stop to foot being applied to the brake.
Braking distance
distance apparatus travel from when driver presses brake to when the apparatus has stopped.
Total stopping distance
Driving reaction distance + Braking distance
Internal Baffles
Prevent water from shifting the center of gravity of the apparatus.
Exception to never allowing a person to ride on the outside of a apparatus.
slow speed (less than 5 mph) hose loading operations. Must be moving forward.
The most expensive workers compensation claims are due to
back strains
Standard establishes safety requirements for all use of tools and equipment.
NFPA 1500
The most common tool type?
Un-powered (hand) tools.
Any electrical tool not marked “double insulated” should have a
three prong plug
According to NFPA,………………..firefighters died in training related incidents between 1996 and 2005.
100
Minimize your exposure to risk by
Follow orders, Wear PPE, Work as a team, Follow SOP’s, Maintain communications with team and command, Do a risk/benefit analysis for every action, Employ safe and effective tactics, Never operate alone or without supervision, Perform an initial assessment and maintain situational awareness.
Apply these basic techniques in fire fighting operations.
Scan the outside of the building to locate entrance and egress, Wear PPE, Manage air supply, Bring appropriate tools and equipment, Stay in physical, vocal, or visual contact with other members of your team, Maintain radio contact with command.
DOT regulations require all personnel working on a roadway to wear
high visibility vest.
Flood lights should be directed
high enough to be directed to the scene without being in personals eyes.
Apparatus should be place at angle with the front wheels facing ……from the scene.
turned away
To protect the pump operator the pump panel should be faced
on the protected side away from traffic
Any apparatus not used to form a initial or secondary(10-200 feet away) barrier should be moved to
the shoulder of the road
Signs and traffic cones can be used to
detour trafic
4 guidelines for maintain situational awareness at accident scenes
- look before you move
- keep a eye on moving traffic
- walk facing oncoming traffic
- follow SOP’s
A firefighter or other responsible person should stay with…………..and /or ……….. during a incident until the patient has been removed from the scene.
friends and/or family
The best way to control a scene is to establish
control zones
Establish a collapse zone under these three conditions.
- prolonged heat or fire that has weaken the structure.
- defensive strategy has been adopted.
- Interior operations cannot be justified.
The safest place for defensive operations is
at the corners of a building
Accountability systems are used to track personnel both in and out of the
hot zone
3 types of accountability systems.
- passports
- SCBA tags
- computer based electronic
Passport (tag) system
Passport given to command or accountability officer upon entering hot zone, given back when exiting hot zone.
SCBA tag sytems
time within hot zone is determine upon lowest air pressure reading.
Computer based electronic systems
radio/radar based tracking attached to ppe.
Should only be used as a supplemental tracking system
Computer based electronic accountability systems.
