Chapter 1 Orientation and Fire Service History Flashcards
The majority (23,000) of fire organizations are….
Voulnteer
- First recorded major fire in the New World.
Jamestown
- First ever paid fire company.
Boston
- First fire organization in America.
New Amsterdam. Surveyors of buildings.
Philadelphia fire society formed in 1735. A year later they formed………………….. with the guidance of …………………….
Union Volunteer Fire Company. Benjamin Franklin.
1700’s. Fire protection was being driven by.
Advancements in technology.
Further advancements in technology. Such as wood being replaced by iron and steel.
1900’s Industrial Revolution.
Steel increased fire risk dues to.
Large numbers of people in tall buildings with combustible materials, interior finishes, and limited egress.
NFPA formed in.
1896
First NFPA standard.
NFPA 13. regulation of the design and installation of fire protection sprinklers systems in structures.
Code that followed NFPA formation. Written in 1897.
National Electric Code.
Required panic hardware on exit doors, and required they swing outwards. Regulations of combustible materials in a place of assembly.
Iroquois Theater Fire, Chicago 1903
Fire resulted in the NFPA 101, Life Safety Code. Established requirements for means of egress.
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire. New York. 1911
Led to stricter fire and life safety requirements for assembly type occupies.
Cocoanut Grove Nightclub Fire. Boston. 1942
Resulted in the development of life safety standards to regulate the manufacture and use of tents for public occupancy.
Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus fire. Hartford, Connecticut 1944
Brought attention to the need for improvements in design of school buildings, requirements for fire detection and alarm systems, and the need for enclosed stairwells. Also required schools to perform fire evacuation drills.
Our Lady of the Angles School Fire. Chicago 1958
Local laws enacted to require all medium and high rise buildings to install sprinkler systems.
MGM grand fire. Las Vegas 1980
Changes made to NFPA standards for fire sprinkler and crowd management requirements for nightclubs and other assembly occupies.
Station Night Club Fire, West Warwick, Rhode Island, 2003
Increased emphasis on structural collapse, confined space, and search and rescue training and equipment.
Murrah Building Bombing, OKC 1995
Forced the fire service to improve its ability to communicate with other agencies during major disasters, which is referred to as interoperability.
WTC and Pentagon attacks. 2001
Obsolete term for resistance to fire.
Fire Proof
Emphasized the need for public fire and life safety education and prevention programs.
America Burning 1973
National Fallen firefighter foundation, Everyone goes home.
16 firefighter life safety initiatives.
The Superfund amendments and re authorization Act of 1986 (SARA Title III) and OSHA 1910.120 regulate…
haz mat transport, transport vehicle design, and emergency responder training.
Community based programs have three steps.
Research, Education, and Implementation.
Trends of fire service change in the 20th century.
Fire prevention and public safety education, Firefighter Safety, EMS, Haz-mat, Terrorism, Natural disaster (all hazard) mitigation, Professionalization of the fire service. Community based fire protection.
Interoperabiltiy
Ability of two or more systems or components to exchange information and use the information that has been exchanged.
Culture
The shared assumptions, beliefs, and values of a group or organization.
Cultural Strengths
Integrity, Moral Character, Work Ethic, Pride, Courage, Loyalty, Respect, Compassion
Integrity
Doing the right thing because it is right, not because it is required. Doing the right thing even when no one is watching.
Moral Character
right and just behavior with a emphasis on trust.
Work Ethic
valuing the virtues of hard work and thoroughness. Being prompt, reliable, and willing to take the initiative.
Courage
ability to confront fear, pain, danger or uncertainty
Authority having jurisdiction AHJ
Determines what services are needed to protect its citizens and establishes the fire service to meet those needs.
Fire and emergency organizations can either be …..or…..
Public, Private
Most communities in the US and Canada are protected by
Volunteer organizations
Line Personel
Provide services to external customers.
Staff Personel
Provide support to internal customers in areas such as finance, maintenance, and training.
External Customers
Citizens of the service area protected by the organization.
Internal Customers
Employees and membership of the organization.
Company
Basic unit of fire fighting operations
Multiple company’s within a response area.
Battalion or district
Engine Company
fire suppression at structures, vehicles, wild land, and other types of fires. Provide water supply and advance attack lines.
Truck (Ladder) Company
Forcible entry, search and rescue, ventilation, salvage and overhaul, utilities, provide access to upper levels of a structure.
Rescue/Squad Company
Search for and remove victims from areas of danger or entrapment and may perform technical rescues.
Brush Company
Protect the wild land / urban interface
Haz mat Company
Mitigate Haz mat incidents
Emergency Medical / ambulance company
provide EMS and / or transport to patients
Special rescue company
Perform technical rescues, including RIT
Aircraft rescue and fire fighter company
Performs rescue and fire suppression involving aircraft accidents.
NFPA 1001
Standard for Fire fighter professional qualifications
NFPA 1582
Standard on Comprehensive Occupational Medical Program for Fire Departments
Uniformed Personnel
have received basic training and may perform line and staff functions
Nonuniform Personnel
civilians, not trained in hazards, do not participate in hazard mitigation.
NFPA 472
Standard on competence of responders to hazardous materials/weapons of mass destruction incidents.
Fire fighter I
fire suppression, search and rescue, extrication, ventilation, salvage and overhaul, EMS,
Fire fighter II
Incident reports, extinguishing liquid fires, controlling flammable gas fires, cause and orgin, pre incident surveys, pub eds, fire hose testing, maintaining power equipment.
NFPA 1002
Standard for fire apparatus driver/operator professional qualifications.
NFPA 1003
Standard for Airport Fire fighter Professional Qualifications.
NFPA 1003
Standard for technical rescuer professional qualifications.
NFPA 1051
Standard on Wildland Fire fighter professional qualifications.
NFPA 1521
Standard for Fire Department Safety Officer
Incident Command System (ICS)
Standardized approach to incident management that facilitates interaction between cooperating agencies, adaptable to incidents of any size or type.
NFPA 1021
Standard for fire officer professional qualifications.
NFPA 1021 and 1037
Standard for professional qualifications for fire marshal.
Emergency Medical Responders (EMR’s)
Provide immediate life saving care to critical patients while awaiting additional EMS assistance.
Emergency Medical Technician
Provide basic emergency medical care and transport for critical and emergent patients. Treatment provided through basic medical equipment.
Advanced Emergency Medical Tecnician
Provide basic and limited advanced emergency medical care and transport for critical and emergent patients.
Paramedics
Provide advanced emergency medical care for critical and emergent patients.
Fire Prevention officer / inspector
perform inspections, enforce building and fire code.
NFPA 1031
Standard for professional qualifications for fire inspector and plan examiner.
Plan Examiner
review architectural and fire protection system plans.
Fire and arson investigator
Uniformed personnel who investigate fires and explosions to determine their origin and cause.
NFPA 1033
Standard for professional qualifications for Fire Investigator
Fire and life safety educators
inform public about fire and life safety hazards, fire cause, and precautions or actions to take during a fire.
NFPA 1035
Standard for professional qualifications for fire and life safety educator, public information officer, and juvenile fire setter intervention specialist.
Fire protection engineer/specialist
Check architectural and fire protection system plans for proposed buildings.
Staff functions
Fire dept health and safety officer, Telecommunicators, Fire alarm maintenance personnel, Apparatus and equipment maintenance personnel, Information system personnel, Clerical staff, Instructors, Training officer/chief of training.
Fire dept health and safety officer (HSO)
oversees the dept’s occupatinal health and safety program
NFPA 1500
Standard for fire dept occupational safety and health program.
NFPA 1521
Standard for fire dept safety officer
Telecommunicators
receive emergency and non emergency calls, dispatch units, maintain communications with companies, complete incident reports.
NFPA 1061
Standard for professional qualification for public safety telecommunicator.
Fire Alarm maintenance personnel
maintain municipal fire alarm systemsN
NFPA 72
National fire alarm and signaling code
Apparatus and equipment maintenance personnel
maintain apparatus, vehicles, and equipment
NFPA 1071
Standard on emergency vehicle technician professional qulaifications
Information systems personnel
manage electronic data bases used for fire reporting
Clerical Staff
Personnel who provide secretarial, administrative, and record keeping support.
NFPA 1041
Standard for fire service instructor professional qualifications
Organizational principles
Chain of command, Unity of command, Span of control, Division of labor.
Chain of command
formal line of authority, responsibly, and communication within the organization.
unity of command
each person reports to just one supervisor
Span of control
3-7. 5 is optimum
Division of labor is necessary in the fire service becuase
assign responsibility, prevent duplication of effort, assign specific task.
Discipline
administered through rules, regulations, and policies that define acceptable performance and expected outcomes.
Policy
Guide to decision making within an organization. Address things such as work hours, emergency response guidelines, and chain of command.
Procedures
detailed written plans that list specific steps for approaching a problem or situation
Standard
a set of principles, protocols, or procedures that is developed by committees through concensus
Code
a collection of rules and regulations that has been enacted by law in a particular jurisdiction
Public works assist the FD by providing
Heavy equipment for confined space rescue, Earth moving equipment, Flood control equipment, Sand for containing spills, Barriers and signs to divert traffic, Facility maintenance and repair, Civil/structural engineers.
