Chapter 2 FC Flashcards
Protons + _________ are in the nucleus of the atom.
Neutrons
Protons have a __________ electric charge.
Positive
Electrons have a __________ charge.
Negative
Neutrons have no electrical _________.
Charge
The electrons are in space around the nucleus in the what?
Electron cloud
Atoms are extremely ________.
Small
Who did an experiment to measure the charge-to-mass ratio of the electron?
J.J. Thomson
J.J Thomson used electrical and magnetic fields to cause offsetting _____________ of cathode rays (electrons).
Deflection
J.J. Thomson obtained the ________ charge-to-mass ratio with different cathodes in the cathode ray tube.
Same
J.J. Thomson concluded that cathode ray particles are a fundamental particle of __________.
Matter
Who determined the the charge-to-mass ratio of the electron (e/m).
J.J. Thomson
Robert Millikan determines the charge on an electron in the what experiment?
Millikan oil drop experiment
What were used to dislodge electrons from gaseous atoms that attached to oil drops and fell in the Millikan Oil Drop Experiment?
X-rays
Millikan determines the amount of charge on every drop was always a multiple of _____________. (The charge on a single electron)
-1.6 x 10^-19 C (C=Coulombs)
What is the charge on a single electron?
-1.6 x 10^-19 C
What is the electron mass?
9.109389 x 10^-28 g
The experimental evidence for protons existence came from cathode ray studies with what?
Cathodes with holes in them
e/m ratio changes with the identity of the gas, with the largest e/m ratio for ____________ gas.
Hydrogen
Other e/m ratios are always a multiple of __________ gas which suggest H+ as a fundamental particle called a __________.
Hydrogen
Proton
What’s the number of a proton charge?
1.60217733 x 10^-19 C
Who discovered neutrons in 1932 using nuclear reaction techniques?
J. Chadwick
What’s the charge and mass of a neutron?
Charge=0
Mass= 1.6749286 x 10^-24 g
The modern view of the atom was developed by who?
Ernest Rutherford
All positive charge and most mass of the atom is concentrated where?
Nucleus
All atoms of the same element have the same number of what in the nucleus?
Protons
The atomic number is found where on the symbol?
Above
The atomic weight is found where on the symbol?
Below
Carbon has 6 protons and 6 neutrons and has a mass standard of what?
12 atomic mass units
How do you find the mass number?
of protons + # of neutrons
An atom with a definite atomic number and a mass number is a what?
Nuclide
Although all boron atoms have 5 protons, they can have different numbers of __________.
Neutrons
Atoms of the same element but different mass numbers are what?
Isotopes
Boron 10 (10^B) has 5p and 5n, boron 11 (11^B) has 5p and ______.
6n
Because of the existence of isotopes the mass of a collection or atoms has an __________ value.
Average
Average mass = Atomic ________.
Weight
How do we determine the fractional abundance of each isotope?
Use a mass spectrometer.
What is the atomic weight of an element formula?
Atomic weight = % of abundance of isotope 1/100 x (mass of isotope 1)
\+
% abundance of isotope 2/100 x (mass of isotope 2)
What group on the period table are alkali metals?
Group 1
What group on the periodic table are alkaline earth metals?
Group 2
What group on the periodic table are halogens?
Group 17
What group on the periodic table are noble gases?
Group 18
Who developed the modern periodic table?
Demitri Mendelev
Element properties are periodic ___________ of their atomic number.
Functions
Elements are listed by increasing _________ number on the period table.
Atomic
Elements with similar physical and chemical properties lie in vertical columns called __________.
Groups
The A accompanied by the number in the group are considered what on the period table?
Main group elements
The B accompanied by the number in the group is considered what on the period table?
Transition elements
Horizontal rows on the periodic table are called what?
Periods
Elements in the two rows at the bottom of the periodic table are called what?
Inner transition elements
In the twos rows at the bottom of the periodic table, 58 through 71 are considered what?
Lanthanides
In the two rows at the bottom of the periodic table, 90 through 103 are the what?
Actinides
Elements to the _______ of the staircase line on the periodic table are metals, those to the ________ are nonmetals.
Left
Right
The elements along the staircase line on the periodic table are considered what?
Metalloids (intermediate between metals and nonmetals)
What are solid at room temp and pressure, conduct electricity, are ductile and malleable, and forms alloys?
Metals
What exists as solids, liquids, or gases at room temp and pressure and are not conductors of electricity?
Nonmetals
What exhibits characteristics of both metals and nonmetals and are semiconductors of electricity?
Metalloids
What groups exhibit main group elements?
Groups 1, 2 and 13-18
What’s groups exhibit transition elements?
Groups 3-12
Elements in a group tend to have similar but not identical ____________.
Properties
Elements in a group tend to form similar ___________ with other elements.
Compounds
What are atoms or groups of atoms with a positive or negative charge?
Ions
Taking away 1 or more electrons from an atom gives a __________ with a positive charge.
Cation
Adding 1 or more electrons to an atom gives an __________ with a negative charge.
Anion
Metals lose electrons to form _________.
Cations
Nonmetals gain electrons to form __________.
Anions
The main group metals on the periodic table are in groups 1A through _____.
3A
Main group metals form _________ with the same number of electrons as nearest noble gas.
Cations
Main group nonmetals on the periodic table are in groups 4A through ______.
7A
Nonmetals form ________ with the same number of electrons as nearest noble gas.
Anions
What is the SI unit for measuring amount of a substance?
Mole (mol)
What is a Avagadro’s number?
6.022 x 10^23 particles
1 mole is how many particles? (Hint: Acagadro’s number)
6.022 x 10^23 particles
The molar mass of an element equals the mass in grams of 1 mole of ________ of that element (g/mol).
Atoms
You can use avagadros number as a conversion factor for number of ________ to number of atoms and vice versa.
Moles
We can use the molar mass of an element as a conversion factor for mass into number of _________ and vice versa.
Moles
I cubic centimeter equals 1 ___________.
Milliliter
Protons have a relative mass of _________ amu.
1.007
Electrons have a relative mass of ___________ amu.
0.0005
Neutrons have a relative mass of _________ amu.
1.009
1 Kelvin degree equals 1 __________ degree.
Celsius
