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Chemistry Exam 1 FC > Chapter 2 FC > Flashcards

Chapter 2 FC Flashcards

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1
Q

Protons + _________ are in the nucleus of the atom.

A

Neutrons

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2
Q

Protons have a __________ electric charge.

A

Positive

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3
Q

Electrons have a __________ charge.

A

Negative

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4
Q

Neutrons have no electrical _________.

A

Charge

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5
Q

The electrons are in space around the nucleus in the what?

A

Electron cloud

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6
Q

Atoms are extremely ________.

A

Small

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7
Q

Who did an experiment to measure the charge-to-mass ratio of the electron?

A

J.J. Thomson

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8
Q

J.J Thomson used electrical and magnetic fields to cause offsetting _____________ of cathode rays (electrons).

A

Deflection

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9
Q

J.J. Thomson obtained the ________ charge-to-mass ratio with different cathodes in the cathode ray tube.

A

Same

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10
Q

J.J. Thomson concluded that cathode ray particles are a fundamental particle of __________.

A

Matter

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11
Q

Who determined the the charge-to-mass ratio of the electron (e/m).

A

J.J. Thomson

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12
Q

Robert Millikan determines the charge on an electron in the what experiment?

A

Millikan oil drop experiment

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13
Q

What were used to dislodge electrons from gaseous atoms that attached to oil drops and fell in the Millikan Oil Drop Experiment?

A

X-rays

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14
Q

Millikan determines the amount of charge on every drop was always a multiple of _____________. (The charge on a single electron)

A

-1.6 x 10^-19 C (C=Coulombs)

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15
Q

What is the charge on a single electron?

A

-1.6 x 10^-19 C

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16
Q

What is the electron mass?

A

9.109389 x 10^-28 g

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17
Q

The experimental evidence for protons existence came from cathode ray studies with what?

A

Cathodes with holes in them

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18
Q

e/m ratio changes with the identity of the gas, with the largest e/m ratio for ____________ gas.

A

Hydrogen

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19
Q

Other e/m ratios are always a multiple of __________ gas which suggest H+ as a fundamental particle called a __________.

A

Hydrogen

Proton

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20
Q

What’s the number of a proton charge?

A

1.60217733 x 10^-19 C

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21
Q

Who discovered neutrons in 1932 using nuclear reaction techniques?

A

J. Chadwick

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22
Q

What’s the charge and mass of a neutron?

A

Charge=0

Mass= 1.6749286 x 10^-24 g

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23
Q

The modern view of the atom was developed by who?

A

Ernest Rutherford

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24
Q

All positive charge and most mass of the atom is concentrated where?

A

Nucleus

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25
Q

All atoms of the same element have the same number of what in the nucleus?

A

Protons

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26
Q

The atomic number is found where on the symbol?

A

Above

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27
Q

The atomic weight is found where on the symbol?

A

Below

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28
Q

Carbon has 6 protons and 6 neutrons and has a mass standard of what?

A

12 atomic mass units

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29
Q

How do you find the mass number?

A

of protons + # of neutrons

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30
Q

An atom with a definite atomic number and a mass number is a what?

A

Nuclide

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31
Q

Although all boron atoms have 5 protons, they can have different numbers of __________.

A

Neutrons

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32
Q

Atoms of the same element but different mass numbers are what?

A

Isotopes

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33
Q

Boron 10 (10^B) has 5p and 5n, boron 11 (11^B) has 5p and ______.

A

6n

34
Q

Because of the existence of isotopes the mass of a collection or atoms has an __________ value.

A

Average

35
Q

Average mass = Atomic ________.

A

Weight

36
Q

How do we determine the fractional abundance of each isotope?

A

Use a mass spectrometer.

37
Q

What is the atomic weight of an element formula?

A

Atomic weight = % of abundance of isotope 1/100 x (mass of isotope 1)

                        \+

% abundance of isotope 2/100 x (mass of isotope 2)

38
Q

What group on the period table are alkali metals?

A

Group 1

39
Q

What group on the periodic table are alkaline earth metals?

A

Group 2

40
Q

What group on the periodic table are halogens?

A

Group 17

41
Q

What group on the periodic table are noble gases?

A

Group 18

42
Q

Who developed the modern periodic table?

A

Demitri Mendelev

43
Q

Element properties are periodic ___________ of their atomic number.

A

Functions

44
Q

Elements are listed by increasing _________ number on the period table.

A

Atomic

45
Q

Elements with similar physical and chemical properties lie in vertical columns called __________.

A

Groups

46
Q

The A accompanied by the number in the group are considered what on the period table?

A

Main group elements

47
Q

The B accompanied by the number in the group is considered what on the period table?

A

Transition elements

48
Q

Horizontal rows on the periodic table are called what?

A

Periods

49
Q

Elements in the two rows at the bottom of the periodic table are called what?

A

Inner transition elements

50
Q

In the twos rows at the bottom of the periodic table, 58 through 71 are considered what?

A

Lanthanides

51
Q

In the two rows at the bottom of the periodic table, 90 through 103 are the what?

A

Actinides

52
Q

Elements to the _______ of the staircase line on the periodic table are metals, those to the ________ are nonmetals.

A

Left

Right

53
Q

The elements along the staircase line on the periodic table are considered what?

A

Metalloids (intermediate between metals and nonmetals)

54
Q

What are solid at room temp and pressure, conduct electricity, are ductile and malleable, and forms alloys?

A

Metals

55
Q

What exists as solids, liquids, or gases at room temp and pressure and are not conductors of electricity?

A

Nonmetals

56
Q

What exhibits characteristics of both metals and nonmetals and are semiconductors of electricity?

A

Metalloids

57
Q

What groups exhibit main group elements?

A

Groups 1, 2 and 13-18

58
Q

What’s groups exhibit transition elements?

A

Groups 3-12

59
Q

Elements in a group tend to have similar but not identical ____________.

A

Properties

60
Q

Elements in a group tend to form similar ___________ with other elements.

A

Compounds

61
Q

What are atoms or groups of atoms with a positive or negative charge?

A

Ions

62
Q

Taking away 1 or more electrons from an atom gives a __________ with a positive charge.

A

Cation

63
Q

Adding 1 or more electrons to an atom gives an __________ with a negative charge.

A

Anion

64
Q

Metals lose electrons to form _________.

A

Cations

65
Q

Nonmetals gain electrons to form __________.

A

Anions

66
Q

The main group metals on the periodic table are in groups 1A through _____.

A

3A

67
Q

Main group metals form _________ with the same number of electrons as nearest noble gas.

A

Cations

68
Q

Main group nonmetals on the periodic table are in groups 4A through ______.

A

7A

69
Q

Nonmetals form ________ with the same number of electrons as nearest noble gas.

A

Anions

70
Q

What is the SI unit for measuring amount of a substance?

A

Mole (mol)

71
Q

What is a Avagadro’s number?

A

6.022 x 10^23 particles

72
Q

1 mole is how many particles? (Hint: Acagadro’s number)

A

6.022 x 10^23 particles

73
Q

The molar mass of an element equals the mass in grams of 1 mole of ________ of that element (g/mol).

A

Atoms

74
Q

You can use avagadros number as a conversion factor for number of ________ to number of atoms and vice versa.

A

Moles

75
Q

We can use the molar mass of an element as a conversion factor for mass into number of _________ and vice versa.

A

Moles

76
Q

I cubic centimeter equals 1 ___________.

A

Milliliter

77
Q

Protons have a relative mass of _________ amu.

A

1.007

78
Q

Electrons have a relative mass of ___________ amu.

A

0.0005

79
Q

Neutrons have a relative mass of _________ amu.

A

1.009

80
Q

1 Kelvin degree equals 1 __________ degree.

A

Celsius

Chemistry Exam 1 FC (8 decks)

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