Chapter 2 extra definition for words that I don't understand

Question 1

Civil liberties ARE?

Answer 1

freedoms granted by the. U.S constitution primarily from the first amendment. They are natural rights that are inherent to eaxh person. They are not just rights. They are restrictions on how the government gets to treat its citizens.

Question 2

The Connecticut compromise/ great compromise

Answer 2

The compromise provided for a (bicameral legislature), with representation in each house of representatives according to population and in the senate by equal numbers for each state.

Question 3

Constituency

Answer 3

A body of voters in a specified area elects a representative to a legislative body. also an area of voters who elect a representative to a legislative body.

Question 4

Exceutive privledge

Answer 4

The privilege held by the president for the executive branch of government. THIS IS WITHHOLDING INFORMATION IN THE “PUBLIC INTEREST”.

Question 5

FACTION

Answer 5

A small organized dissenting group within a larger one, especially in politics.

Question 6

Inherent powers

Answer 6

Inherent powers are the powers that a national government exercises simply because it is a governmnt.

Question 7

Judicial review

Answer 7

The courts are vested with the authority to determine the legitimacy of acts of the executive, and legislative branches of government. the state, as well as federal courts, are bound to render decisions according to the principles of the federal constitution.

Question 8

Madisonian Dilema

Answer 8

How do you give the government enough authority to preserve the social order and communal values, but not so much that it places UNFAIR and inappropriate limits on individual freedom of choice?

Question 9

Mixed governemnt

Answer 9

a form of government that combines elements of democracy, aristocracy and monarchy. the UK lol

Question 10

New jersey plan

Answer 10

The new jersey plan was designed to protect the security and power of small states. It limited each state’s vote in congress, as under the articles of confederation.

Question 11

Shay’s rebellion

Answer 11

A bunch of violent attacks on courthouses. It was a result of the increased taxation of these post-revolutionary war farmers by the states. They were anti-government protesters. They tried to overthrow the government, but they failed in doing so. The rebellion leads to the CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION. the widely held view was that the articles of confederation needed to be amended.

Question 12

Virginia plan

Answer 12

It was the foundation for the constitution? it outlined a strong national government with three branches; legislative executive and judicial. wanted a legislature divided into two bodies. the senate and the house representatives. (bicameral legislature) with Proportional represenation.

Question 13

Connecticut Compromise Lore

Answer 13

Connecticut Compromise was an agreement that was ultimately reached between the two parties.

In the compromise, the bicameral legislative structure was retained from the Virginia Plan. However, it established that the (HOUSE would be chosen by popular vote) whereas the SENATE would stay as a (one vote per state policy.)

Unbeknownst to the smaller states and the proponents of the New Jersey Plan, while it was agreed that Senate members would only receive one vote per state because the Virginia Plan was largely agreed upon earlier, this included senators having longer terms than state legislators.

Consequently, senators would have much more freedom and independence than was initially considered by those against the Virginia Plan.

Question 14

Key take away point #1

Answer 14

A constitution establishes the basic principles on which government operates by defining (1) the functions and powers of government, (2) the structure—that is, the institutions and mechanisms—of government, and (3) the procedures through which government carries its powers and responsibilities. In defining these basic principles, constitutions establish a set of legal relationships between the leaders and the led by determining the rules for accessing and exercising political power.

Question 15

Key Take away point #2

Answer 15

The Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and state constitutions provided the philosophical foundations on which the Constitution is based. In these historical antecedents is a commitment to popular sovereignty through representative government, limited powers for the central government, and dominant legislatures.

Question 16

Key Take away point #3

Answer 16

The major deficiency of the Articles of Confederation, the first constitution of the United States, was the central government’s lack of sufficient power to govern. Civil unrest and the inability of the national government to respond to economic priorities fueled a movement to create a stronger national government. Those who favored a new constitution giving more power to the national government were called Federalists; those opposed were known as Anti-Federalists.

Question 17

Key take away point #4

Answer 17

In February 1787, the Continental Congress called on the states to send delegates to a convention in Philadelphia for the purpose of amending the Articles of Confederation. Although there was considerable support in the general populace for the Anti-Federalists’ opposition to a strong central government, few Anti-Federalists attended the convention.

Question 18

Key point #5

Answer 18

Federalists, who agreed that the national government should be more powerful, dominated the convention. The delegates quickly abandoned the charge to revise the Articles of Confederation and decided to write a new constitution.

Question 19

Key point #6

Answer 19

Although the Federalists who dominated the convention favored a stronger central government, they also wanted a limited government that would protect natural rights. These conflicting goals posed what is called the Madisonian dilemma (because of James Madison’s role in framing the issue): How can self-interested individuals administering strong governmental powers be prevented from using those powers to destroy the freedoms that the government is supposed to protect?

Question 20

Key Point #7

Answer 20

The Constitution corrected the major deficiencies in the structure, function, and procedures of government under the Articles of Confederation. The stronger central government it created achieved popular sovereignty through representative government, while limiting the power of government to infringe on individual liberty, by fragmenting governmental power.

Question 21

Key Point #8

Answer 21

Although the Constitution created a stronger national government, power was divided among three coequal branches. The legislative, executive and judicial branches each had some ability to check abuses of power by the other branches.

Question 22

Key Point #9

Answer 22

Power was also decentralized through the creation of a federal system in which the national government was granted limited powers and states retained sovereignty in other jurisdictions. The Constitution had to be approved by nine states to be ratified. The ratification battle was a bruising political contest. The Federalists just managed to pull out majorities in several key states. Rhode Island was the last state to ratify in May 1790, and the Constitution was officially ratified and took force in May 1791.

Question 23

Key Point #10

Answer 23

There are several ways to change the Constitution. In addition to changes by formal amendment, the Constitution has been changed by custom and usage and through legislative, executive, and judicial interpretation.

Question 24

Judicial Review Definition

Answer 24

Judicial review refers to the power of courts to declare the acts and actions of legislatures and executives unconstitutional. It is an extraordinary power that seems to challenge the democratic principle of majority rule.
judicial review
The power to review decisions of the lower courts and to determine the constitutionality of laws and actions of public officials.