Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Enviro > Chapter 2 - Environmental systems > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Environmental systems Flashcards

0
Q

the salinity problem at Mono Lake was corrected after:

A
  1. Water was diverted and the lake filled back to historical levels
  2. the Audubon Society worked together with the Los Angeles Department of Water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Problems developed at Mono Late as a consequence of the:

A

redirection of water that fed the lake for use by Los Angeles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Matter is:

A

Anything that has volume and mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Electrons are

A

negatively charged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

elements that gain or lose electrons to form compounds create

A

ionic bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the polarity of a water molecule is the result of:

A

shared electrons spending more time near the oxygen atom than near the hydrogen atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

water reaches its lowest density at:

A

0 degrees C.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Neutral on a pH scale

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Law of conservation of matter

A

matter cannot be created or destroyed, after a chemical reaction the original atoms remain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Organic compounds may contain:

A
  1. carbon-carbon bonds
  2. Carbon-hydrogen bonds
  3. hydrogen - oxygen bonds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

DNA

A
  1. formed by long chains of nucleic acid

2. the genetic material organisms pass to their offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Energy

A

the ability to do work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most of earth’s energy comes from

A

the sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

energy conservation by living things is

A

a fundamental component of all environmental systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

energy is measured in

A

joules or calories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the second law of thermodynamics states:

A

all systems move towards increased entropy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

a systems analysis of an ecosystem can involve:

A
  1. Inputs of nutrients
  2. outputs of energy
  3. evaporation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

positive feedback loop:

A
  1. when feedback into a system increases a rate of response

2. can be seen in some examples of population growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

negative feedback loop:

A

when a system responds to a change by returning to its original state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

extinction of a species can be a result of:

A
  1. natural systems changing
  2. introduction of an invasive species
  3. systems that are not in a steady state
  4. human inputs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Atom

A

smallest particle that can contain the chemical properties of an element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

element

A

substance composed of atoms that cannot be broken down into smaller, simpler components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

molecules

A

particles containing more than one atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

compounds

A

molecules containing more than one element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Atomic number

A

number of protons in the nucleus of an element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

mass number

A

total number of protons and neutrons in an element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

isotopes

A

atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

radioactive decay

A

spontaneous release of material from the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

half life

A

time it takes for half of the original radioactive parent atoms to decay

29
Q

covalent bonds

A

formed by sharing electrons

30
Q

ionic bond

A

attraction between two oppositely charged ions

31
Q

hydrogen bond

A

weak chemical bond formed when hydrogen atoms that are covalently bonded to one atom are attracted to another atom on another molecule

32
Q

polar molecule

A

one side is more positive and one side is more negative

33
Q

surface tension

A

cohesion of water molecules at the surface of a body of water

34
Q

capillary action

A

adhesion of water molecules to a surface is stronger than cohesion between the molecules, allows water to be absorbed

35
Q

acid

A

substance that contributes hydrogen ions to a solutions

36
Q

base

A

substance that contributes hydroxide ions to a solution

37
Q

pH scale

A
  1. 0-14
  2. low = acidic
  3. high = basic
  4. 7 = neutral
38
Q

chemical reaction

A

when atoms separate from the molecules they are a part of or recombine with other molecules

39
Q

inorganic compounds

A

compounds that do not contain the element carbon, or only contain carbon bound to elements other than hydrogen

40
Q

organic compounds

A

compounds that have carbon-carbon bonds and carbon-hydrogen bonds

41
Q

carbohydrates

A

composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms

42
Q

proteins

A

long chains of nitrogen-containing organic molecules called amino acids

43
Q

enzymes

A

proteins that help control the rates of chemical reactions

44
Q

nucleic acid

A

organic compounds found in all living cells, form DNA and RNA

45
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid - genetic material organisms pass on to their offspring that contains the code for reproducing the components of the next generation

46
Q

RNA

A

Ribonucleic acid - translates the code stored in DNA and allows for the synthesis of proteins

47
Q

lipids

A

biological molecules that don’t mix with water

examples - fats, wax, steroids

48
Q

Cell

A

smallest structural and functional component of organisms

49
Q

Energy

A

ability to do work or transfer heat

50
Q

electromagnetic radiation

A

form of energy that includes visible light, ultraviolet light, and infrared energy

51
Q

photons

A

massless packets of energy that travel at the speed of light and can move even through the vacuum of space

52
Q

joule

A

basic unit of energy

53
Q

power

A

rate at which work is done

54
Q

potential energy

A

energy that is stored but has not yet been released

55
Q

kinetic energy

A

energy of motion

56
Q

chemical energy

A

potential energy stored in chemical bonds

57
Q

temperature

A

measure of the average kinetic energy of a substance

58
Q

first law of thermodynamics

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed

59
Q

second law of thermodynamics

A

when energy is transformed the quantity of energy remains the same but its ability to do work diminishes

60
Q

energy efficiency

A

ratio of the amount of work that is done to the total amount of energy that is introduced into the system in the first place

61
Q

energy quality

A

the ease with which an energy source can be used for work

62
Q

entropy

A

randomness

63
Q

open system

A

exchanges of matter or energy occur across system boundaries

64
Q

closed system

A

matter and energy exchanges across system boundaries do not occur

65
Q

inputs

A

additions to a given system

66
Q

outputs

A

losses from the system

67
Q

systems analysis

A

inputs, outputs, changes in the system under various conditions

68
Q

steady state

A

inputs = outputs

69
Q

feedback

A

the results of a process feed back into the system to change the rate of that process

Enviro (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions