Chapter 12

Question 0

finite = ?

Answer 0

nonrenewable

Question 1

2 reasons for which petroleum is the chosen fuel for transportation in the US

Answer 1

1. energy value per unit volume

2. ability to quickly start/stop providing energy

Question 2

conventional fossil fuel energy resources

Answer 2

coal, oil, natural gas,

Question 3

as countries become more developed the demand for ____________ increases

Answer 3

subsistence energy sources

Question 4

sequence of energy resources in the US from 1800s-1950s

Answer 4

wood, coal, oil, natural gas, hydroelectric

Question 5

what is the best way to increase the efficiency of traveling by car

Answer 5

increase the number of passengers

Question 6

efficiency of the transfer of energy from a fuel to electricity is approx. ?

Answer 6

35%

Question 7

energy source that can provide the greatest amount of electricity

Answer 7

coal

Question 8

coal from lowest energy to highest energy

Answer 8

lignite, sub-bituminous, bituminous, anthracite

Question 9

largest coal supplies are in?

Answer 9

china, US, russia, india

Question 10

primary use of petroleum

Answer 10

gasoline for transportation

Question 11

disadvantages of using nuclear energy

Answer 11

radioactive waste disposal, reactor accidents, possibility of using radioactive fuels in weapons, mining of uranium

Question 12

why is uranium 235 good for nuclear reactors?

Answer 12

its fissionability

Question 13

health issue related to nuclear energy

Answer 13

thyroid cancer

Question 14

examples of low level radioactive waste

Answer 14

contaminated clothing, tools used in plant maintenance, rags used to clean water from the reactor, contaminated protective gear worn by workers

Question 15

commercial energy sources

Answer 15

bought and sold

Question 16

subsistence energy sources

Answer 16

gathered for own immediate needs

Question 17

EROEI

Answer 17

energy obtained from fuel / energy invested to obtain fuel

“energy return on energy investment”

Question 18

energy carrier

Answer 18

something that can move and deliver energy in a convenient form to users,

Question 19

steps of making energy (?)

Answer 19

energy resource, extraction, transportation, processing, combustion/conversion, electricity generation/disposal of waste, electricity transmission, user!

Question 20

capacity

Answer 20

maximum electrical output

Question 21

capacity factor

Answer 21

fraction of the time a plant is operating

Question 22

cogeneration

Answer 22

use fuel to generate electricity and heat, this is what coal is good for

Question 23

coal

Answer 23

solid fuel primarily formed from remains of plant material

Question 24

advantages of coal

Answer 24

easy access through surface mining, easy to handle, little to no refining needed, easy to transport, inexpensive

Question 25

disadvantages of coal

Answer 25

sulfur –> acid rain, other impurities released when burned

Question 26

petroleum

Answer 26

fluid mix of hydrocarbons, water and sulfur, formed from remains of ocean phytoplanktons,

Question 27

crude oil

Answer 27

liquid petroleum removed from the ground

Question 28

advantages of petroleum

Answer 28

energy dense, cleaner than coal,

Question 29

disadvantages of petroleum

Answer 29

releases CO2 just not as much, oil spills

Question 30

natural gas

Answer 30

component of petroleum

Question 31

adv of N. Gas

Answer 31

few impurities, 60% as much CO2 as coal

Question 32

disadvantages of n. gas

Answer 32

can lead to lots of methane in atmosphere, fracking –> can contaminate water