Chapter 2 - Diversity

Question 1

What are the parts of the Linnaean System for classification?

Answer 1

DKPCOFGS (Dear King Philip Came Over For Great Sex)
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

Question 2

What are the DKPCOFGS for Homo sapiens?

Answer 2

DOMAIN: Eukarya, KINGDOM: Animalia, PHYLUM: Chordates (have properties such as dorsal central nervous system), CLASS: Mammals, ORDER: Primates, FAMILY: Hominidae (Apes), GENUS: Homo (humans), SPECIES: sapiens.

Question 3

What is the binomial naming system?

Answer 3

Genus species. (both are italicized / underlined by hand) because they are Latin words.

Question 4

What is the name of the new classifying system? How does it classify species?

Answer 4

Phylogenetics classifies species based on monophyletic groups (groups with common ancestors). Uses DNA sequence homology.

Question 5

What is cladistics?

Answer 5

A very mathematical approach to phylogenetics, grouping species based on DNA homology. Ex. Chimps and human have 96% DNA homology.

Question 6

What are the types of Fungi? Give one example for each.

Answer 6

Mold, sac fungi (yeast), club fungi (mushrooms, imperfect fungi (cheese).

Question 7

What is an emergent property?

Answer 7

A property which is present in the whole but not in the parts making it. (When the whole is more than the sum of the parts)

Question 8

What are the 4 macromolecules?

Answer 8

Lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids.

Question 9

What are the 3 simple sugars?

Answer 9

Glucose, fructose, galactose.

Question 10

Which cells are closely related to Fungi? How do they ressemble them?

Answer 10

Animal cells. Both cell types have chitin, they share a more recent common ancestor than plants and Fungi do, and animal muscle fibers closerly ressemble hyphae in Fungi.

Question 11

What is the most likely ancestor to the eukaryotic cell?

Answer 11

Archaebacteria.

Question 12

What is the relationship between the mitochondria and the cell?

Answer 12

The mitochondria is an organelle that used to be a free-living bacteria. Proofs are that mitochondria perform binary fission, they have a prokaryotic inner membrane (cristae), and have their own DNA.

Their relatioship is called Endosynbiosis. This means one organism living inside the other.

Question 13

What sizes are Eukaryotic cells?

Answer 13

50-500 µm

Question 14

What are examples of animal Phyla?

Answer 14

Flatworms, Vertebretes, Sponges, Arthropods, Roundwarms, etc.

Question 15

What are some plant Phyla?

Answer 15

Mosses, Conifers, Ferns, Green Algae, Flowering Plants, etc.

Question 16

Which of the plant Phyla have swimming sperm?

Answer 16

Ferns and Moss.

Question 17

What are two types of plant classes?

Answer 17

Dicotelydons (branching veins) and Monotelydons (parallel veins).

Question 18

What is the evolution of the three domains?

Answer 18

First was the Archae, from which branched the Bacteria. Then, from the Archae, Eukarya began.