Chapter 2: Digestion Flashcards
What is the alimentary canal?
The route food takes from the mouth to the anus
List the order of the alimentary canal
Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, large intestine, small intestine, rectum, anus
What happens in the mouth?
Food is masticated into smaller molecules
What happens in the oesophagus?
Process if peristalsis, food is pushed through to the stomach
What happens in the stomach?
Hydrochloride Acid breaks down enzymes in food through churning
What is the function of the liver?
To remove or break down toxins in the body
What is the function of the small intestine?
To absorb nutrients into the blood stream
What is the function of the gall bladder?
Releases enzymes into the small intestine
Function of large intestine?
Absorb more water from remaining indigestible food matter and transmits waste
Function of the pancreas?
Regulates blood and sugar
Function of rectum?
Acts as a storehouse for feces
Function of anus?
Excretion- releases waste
Role of the digestive system?
Breaking down large insoluble molecules of food and turning them into smaller soluble molecules of food
What is absorption?
Small digested molecules being taken into the bloodstream/ body
What is egestion?
Where faeces are pushed out of the anus
What is ingestion?
Taking food into the body through the mouth
What is the function of the villi?
Increases the surface area of the small intestine so more particles can diffuse into the bloodstream
What is diffusion and how does it take place in the digestive system?
Where particles move from a high concentration (small intestine) to a low concentration (blood)
Word equation for lipase enzymes
Fat is turned into glycerol and fatty acid
What is the word equation for protease enzymes
Protein is turned into amino acids
What is the word equation for the enzyme carbohydrase
Starch is turned into glucose
Explain the connection between the bolus and the enzyme
The bolus connects with the enzyme through the active site and makes an enzyme substrate complex. The substrate is broken into a product (food)
