Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pediatric Dentistry Handbook > Chapter 2: Dental Development, Morphology, Eruption > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Dental Development, Morphology, Eruption Flashcards

Dental Development, Morphology, Eruption, and Related Pathologies

1
Q

Neural Crest Cells

A
  • develop from ectoderm along lateral margins of neural plate
  • undergo extensive migration
  • responsible for many skeletal and connective tissues (bone, cartilage, dentin, dermis, not enamel)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dental Lamina

A
  • Begins development at 6 weeks of embryonic age
  • Dental lamina differentiates from expansion of basal layer of oral cavity epithelium
  • Tooth buds arise from dental lamina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 Components of tooth bud

A
  1. Enamel Organ
  2. Dental Papilla
  3. Dental sac
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Morphologic Developmental Stages

A 
Dental Lamina
Bud Stage
Cap Stage 
Bell Stage (early and late)
Hertwig's epithelial root sheath
Formation of enamel and dentin matrices
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Dental Lamina Stage

A

Inductive phenomenon
Initial formation of dental development
Characterized by Initiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bud Stage

A

Initial swellings from dental lamina
Formation of tooth buds
Characterized by proliferation and morphodifferentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cap Stage

A

Expansion of tooth buds
Formation of tooth germ
Proliferation of tooth germ with caplike appearance
Characterized by proliferation, histodifferentiation, and morphodifferentiation
-inner and outer enamel epithelium
-stellate reticulum (center of epithelial enamel organ)
-dental papilla (neural crest origin; gives rise to dentin/pulp)
-dental sac (gives rise to cementum/PDL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Early Bell Stage

A

Invagination of epithelium deepens, margins continue to grow
-stratum intermedium: essential for enamel production
-primordia of permanent teeth bud off primary dental lamina
Basic form and relative size established by differential growth
Characterized by proliferation, histodifferentiation and morphodifferentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Advanced Bell Stage

A

Differentiation of odontoblasts precedes that of ameloblasts
Future DEJ outlined
Basal margin of enamel organ gives rise to Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hertwig’s Epithelial Root Sheath

A

Composed of inner and outer enamel epithelia without stratum intermedium and stellate reticulum
Root sheath loses continuity once first layer of dentin is laid down
Remnants persist as Rests of Malassez

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Formation of Enamel and Dentin Matrices

A

Characterized by apposition
Regular and rhythmic deposition of matrix of hard dental structures
Takes place in waves from DEJ outward, from incisal to cervical
Takes place in 2 stages
Both processes occur simultaneously
-immediate partial mineralization as matrix segments are formed
-maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Anomalies associated with Initiation Stage

A

Stage affected: dental lamina
Nature of anomaly: number
Deficient development: anodontia, hypodontia, oligodontia
Excessive development: hyperdontia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Anomalies associated with Proliferation Stage

A

Stages affected: bud, cap, bell stages
Nature of anomaly: number and structure
Deficient development: hypodontia, oligodontia
Excessive development: hyperdontia, odontoma, epithelial rests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Anomalies associated with Histodifferentiation

A

Stages affected: cap, bell
Nature of anomaly: enamel and dentin structure
Deficient development: amelogenesis imperfecta type I and IV, dentinogenesis imperfecta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Anomalies associated with Morphodifferentiation

A

Stages affected: bud, cap, bell
Nature of anomaly: size and shape
Deficient development: microdontia, peg lateral, Mulberry molars, Hutchinson incisors, absence of cusp or root
Excessive development: macrodontia, tuberculated cusps, Carabelli’s cusp, taurodontism, dens in dente, dens evaginatus, dilaceration, fusion, concrescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Anomalies associated with Apposition

A

Stages affected: deposition of enamel/dentin matrices
Nature of anomaly: enamel, dentin, cementum apposition
Deficient development: amelogenesis imperfecta type II and IV, enamel hypoplasia, dentin dysplasia, regional odontodysplasia
Excessive development: enamel pearls, hypercementosis, odontoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Anomalies associated with Mineralization

A

Stages affected: mineralization of enamel/dentin
Nature of anomaly: enamel/dentin mineralization
Deficient development: amelogenesis imperfecta type III, enamel hypomineralization, fluorosis, interglobular dentin
Excessive development: sclerotic dentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Anomalies associated with Maturation

A

Stages affected: maturation of enamel/dentin
Nature of anomaly: enamel/dentin maturation
Deficient development: amelogenesis imperfecta type II and IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Anomalies associated with Eruption

A

Stage affected: eruption
Nature of anomaly: eruption
Deficient development: primary failure of eruption, ectopic eruption, ankylosis, impaction, transposition, delayed eruption
Excessive development: natal/neonatal teeth, accelerated eruption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hyperdontia Prevalence

A

Primary dentition: 0.3-0.8%
Permanent dentition: 0.1-3.8% in whites; higher in blacks and Asians
2:1 Male:Female
Most common in maxilla (95%) - mesiodens most common
Supplemental supernumerary = normal morphology
Rudimentary supernumerary = conical, tubuerculate, molariform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Conditions/Syndromes Associated with Hyperdontia

A 
Apert Syndrome (acrocephalosyndactyly)
Cleidocranial dysplasia
Gardner syndrome
Crouzon syndrome 
Down syndrome
Sturge-Weber syndrome
Orofaciodigital syndrome I
Cleft lip and palate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Prevalence of anodontia, hypodontia, oligodontia

A

Primary dentition: less than 1%
Permanent dentition: 1.5-10% (excluding 3rds)
1.5:1 Female:Male
Most common is 3rd molars (20%), then MnPm2 (3.4%), then MxLt (2.2%) then MxPm2 (0.85%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Facts about Anodontia/Hypodontia/Oligodontia

A

Significant correlation between missing primary and missing permanent successor
May be associated with microdontia: peg lateral incisors part of hypodontia spectrum
Agenesis of third molars is associated with agenesis of one or both permanent maxillary lateral incisors
Some patients have other ectodermal organs affected (salivary glands, skin, sweat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Conditions/Syndromes Associated with Anodontia/Hypodontia/Oligodontia

A 
Ectodermal Dysplasia 
Crouzon Syndrome (note also hyperdontia)
Chondroectodermal dysplasia (Ellis-van Creveld) 
Williams Syndrome
Non-syndromic CL/CP
Achondroplasia
Incontinentia pigmenti 
Orofaciodigital syndrome I
Rieger Syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Prevalence of Microdontia

A

0.8-8.4%
Most commonly affects maxillary laterals, 2nd premolars, third molars
Usually follows autosomal dominant pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Prevalence of Macrodontia

A

Single tooth macrodontia is rare - rule out fusion, gemination
Usually affects incisors and canines, often bilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Conditions/Syndromes Associated with Microdontia

A 
Ectodermal Dysplasia
Chondroectodermal dysplasia (Ellis-van Creveld)
Hemifacial microsomia
Down Syndrome
Crouzon Syndrome
Pituitary Dwarfism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Conditions/Syndromes Associated with Macrodontia

A 
Hemifacial hyperplasia/hypertrophy
Crouzon Syndrome
Otodental Syndrome 
XYY Syndrome
Pituitary gigantism
Pineal hyperplasia with hyperinsulinism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Gemination

A

Definition: enlarged or joined tooth in which tooth count is normal
Prevalence: primary dentition 0.5-2.5%; permanent 0.5%
Characteristics: abortive attempt by single tooth to divide - bifid crown with single root and pulp chamber
Crowding may retard eruption of permanent successor
Site of fusion may be at increased risk for caries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Fusion

A

Definition: enlarged or joined tooth in which the tooth count is not normal (unless fused with supernumerary)
Prevalence: 0.5% - more common in primary
Characteristics: dentinal union of two embryologically developing teeth with 2 separate pulp chambers
May retartd eruption of permanent successor
Site of fusion may be at increased risk for caries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Concrescence

A

Prevalence: most common in maxillary posterior
Characteristics: fusion that occurs after root formation is completed
Etiology: trauma, crowding may occur pre- or post-eruption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Dens in dente

A

“tooth within a tooth”
Prevalence: 0.3-10%; rare in African-Americans
Maxillary lateral most affected; uncommon in primary teeth
Characteristics: invagination of inner enamel epithelium
Carious involvement via communication between oral environment and invaginated portion
Treatment: sealant/composite; endo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Dens evaginatus

A

Type 1 = talon cusp
Type 2 = semi-talon
Type 3 = trace talon
Prevalence: 1-8%; higher in Asian, Native American, Hispanic
77% permanent teeth; 88% maxillary incisors, 55% lateral incisors; may be unilateral or bilateral
Characteristics: evagination of enamel epithelium; focal hyperplasia of pulp mesenchyme
Pulp tissue within extra cusp may develop necrosis
Conditions: Lobodontia, Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Taurodontism

A

“Bull’s teeth”
Prevalence: 2.5-3.2% in US
Permanent molar most common
Large pulp at expense of root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Conditions associated with Taurodontism

A 
Klinefelter
Tricho-dento-osseous syndrome (TDO)
Mohr syndrome (orofaciodigital syndrome II)
Hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia
Amelogenesis Imperfecta Type IV
Down Syndrome
Williams Syndrome
Smith-Magen's Syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Dilaceration

A

Etiology: trauma

Conditions associated: Axenfeld-Rieger, Ehlers-Danlos, Lamellar congenital ichthyosis, Smith-Magenis syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Amelogenesis Imperfecta (overview)

A

Incidence 1:14,000

Multiple inheritance patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

AI Type I (Hypoplastic)

A

Insufficient quality of enamel
Both dentitions affected
Most commonly autosomal dominant
Anterior openbite common

39
Q

AI Type II (hypomaturation)

A

Normal enamel thickness
Poor mineralization
Mottled brown-yellow-white color
X-linked recessive, autosomal recessive

40
Q

AI Type III (hypocalcification)

A 
Soft enamel with normal thickness 
Enamel lost soon after eruption 
anterior openbite >60% 
High calculus formation due to rough enamel
Delays in eruption
Autosomal dominant and rescessive
41
Q

AI Type IV (hypomaturation-hypoplastic with taurodontism)

A

Distinct from trichodento-osseous syndrome (AI+taurodontism+hair/nail defects)
Mottle yellow-brown enamel with pitting
Molars are taurodont

42
Q

Dentinogenesis Imperfecta

A

Incidence 1:8000
Heritable defect of predentin matrix
Normal mantle dentin

43
Q

DI Type I

A 
Least severe
Occurs with osteogenesis imperfecta 
Autosomal dominant 
Type 1 collagen defect 
Primary teeth more severely affected
Amber translucence and bulbous crowns with short roots 
Many periapical radiolucencies/alveolar abscesses 
Rapid attrition
Pulpal obliteration
44
Q

DI Type II

A 
"Hereditary opalescent dentin" 
Occurs alone: no OI 
Autosomal dominant 
Both dentitions equally affected 
Same characteristics as DI
45
Q

DI Type III

A 
Most severe
Brandywine tri-racial isolate population 
Bell-shaped crowns
Opalescent hue 
Shell teeth in primary dentition 
Multiple pulp exposures 
Rapid wear
46
Q

Conditions/Syndromes associated with DI

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Ehlers Danlos
Goldblatt Syndrome
Schimke immune-osseous dysplasia

47
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

A 
4 major types 
Type I most common; Type II lethal in perinatal 
Dentinogenesis imperfecta Types III and IV 
Bowing of legs
Fragile bones (many fractures)
Blue sclera 
Bitemporal bossing 
Impaired hearing
Macrocephaly 
Autosomal dominant
48
Q

Enamel Hypoplasia

A

Environmental etiologies: physiologic (developmental or ingestional), infectious, traumatic, iatrogenic
Genetic etiology: amelogenesis imperfecta
Potential marker for celiac disease
Associated also with epidermolysis bullosa

49
Q

Enamel pearls

A

Cells of epithelial root sheath may remain attached to dentin
May differentiate into ameloblasts and produce enamel
May contain dentin and pulp

50
Q

Dentin Dysplasia Type I

A 
"Rootless teeth"
Shot, blunt roots with normal crowns 
Obliterated pulp chambers 
Multiple PA radiolucencies 
Root sheath problem 
Autosomal dominant
51
Q

Dentin Dysplasia Type II

A 
"Thistle-tube pulps" in permanent teeth
Coronal dentin dysplasia 
Primary teeth more affected
Amber color (looks like DI-II) 
Autosomal dominant
52
Q

Regional odontodysplasia

A

“ghost teeth”
Localized arrest in tooth development
Affects both dentitions, usually in maxilla
Single or several teeth moderate/severe hypoplasia
Thin enamel with diffuse shell appearance
Large pulps with little dentin
No inheritance pattern or etiology known
Failure of eruption
Gingival hyperplasia

53
Q

Vitamin-D-resistant rickets

A 
X-linked dominant; autosomal recessive
Failure of distal tubular reabsorption of phosphate in kidneys 
Hypophosphatemic rickets 
Hypomineralized dentin 
Enlarged pulp and pulp horns
54
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

Rare endocrinopathy with unknown origin
Deficiency of PTH causes low serum calcium and increased serum phosphorus
Enamel hypoplasia, delayed eruption, hypodontia, shortened roots

55
Q

Psuedohypoparathyroidism

A

Rare X-linked dominant disorder of hypocalcemia

Enamel hypoplasia, delayed eruption, short roots

56
Q

Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy

A

Mutation in GNAS1 gene chromosome 20
Autosomal dominant
Elevated parathyroid hormonoe
Mild mental deficiencies, round facies, short stature
Enamel hypoplasia, enlarged pulp chambers, delayed eruption, short roots

57
Q

Ehlers-Danlos

A 
Hypermobility of joints
Skin elasticity and easily hemorrhages
 Tissue heals by papyraceous scarring
Autosomal dominant (some X-linked)
Abnormal collagen production
Irregular dentin tubules with inclusions
Intrapulpal calcifications
58
Q

Hypophosphatasia

A 
Lack of serum alkaline phosphatase
Autosomal dominant or recessive
Lack of cementum on root surfaces
Premature loss of primary teeth
Bone abnormalities
Large pulp chambers
59
Q

Epidermolysis bullosa

A

Fibrous acellular cementum

Excess cellular cementum

60
Q

Molar-incisal hypomineralization (MIH)

A

Hypomineralization of 1-4 permanent first molars frequently associated w/ affected incisors
4-25% prevalence (Europe)
Possible problem with ameloblast function
Associated with febrile illness, antibiotics, nutritional deficiencies, preterm birth, dioxin in breastmilk

61
Q

Enamel Fluorosis

A

Amount of fluoride in water: >2 ppm = 10% chance; >6ppm = 90% chance
84.5% unaffected in optimally fluoridated areas

62
Q

Blood-borne pigmentation

A 
Anemia: gray
Bile duct defects: green
Dental trauma: red/gray/black
Neonatal hepatitis: black/gray
Porphyria: purple/brown
Rh incompatibility: blue-green/brown
63
Q

Tetracycline and Color Abnormalities

A

Both dentitions affected
Related to dose and duration
Threshold: 21-26 mg/kg/day
Should not prescribe from 5th month in utero to 8 years
Teeth darken with increased exposure to UV light

64
Q

Cystic Fibrosis Tooth Color

A

Yellow/gray to dark brown

May be related to disease, tetracycline or combination

65
Q

Chromogenic Bacteria

A

Brown/black: less common, difficult to remove
Green: Bacillus pyocaneus, Aspergillis
Orange: Serratia marcescens, Flavobacterium lutescens

66
Q

Theories of tooth eruption

A

Root growth - strong association
Vascular pressure
Bone growth
PDL traction - need dental follicle to erupt
Connective tissue proliferation and pulp apex

67
Q

Sequences of Primary Tooth Eruption

A

ABDCE is most favorable eruption

central -> lateral -> first molar -> canine -> second molar

68
Q

Sequences of Permanent Tooth eruption

A

Maxilla: 61245378
Mandible: 61234578
*mandible is only one that goes in order (12345)
Sequence is more important than timing

69
Q

Stages of Eruption - Permanent Teeth

A 
Follicular growth
Pre-emergent eruptive spurt
Post-emergent eruptive spurt
Juvenile occlusal eruption
Circumpubertal eruptive spurt 
Adult occlusal equilibrium
70
Q

Variables Influencing Tooth Eruption

A

Genetic (78%)
-Race: Black and Hispanic earlier than white
-Sex: females ahead of males
Environmental
-low birth weight = delayed eruption
-nutrition has little/no effect
-Prematurity: delayed eruption w/ ventilator dependency
Systemic
-endocrine system contributory
-high correlation with hypopituitarism/hypothyroidism

71
Q

Timing of primary tooth loss considerations

A

Before age 5: delays premolar
After age 8: accelerates premolar
Prior to crown completion of successor: delays eruption
After crown completion of successor: accelerates eruption

72
Q

Natal vs Neonatal Teeth

A 
Premature teeth erupt before 3 months 
Natal - present at birth
Neonatal - present within first 30 days 
Natal:neonatal 3:1
Incidence 1:2000-3500 
90% true primary teeth; 10% supernumerary
Slightly more common in females
73
Q

Structures in newborns confused with premature teeth

A

Bohn nodules
Dental lamina cysts
Epstein pearls

74
Q

Bohn nodules

A

Buccal, lingual aspects of maxillary alveolar ridge

Mucous gland tissue

75
Q

Dental lamina cysts

A

Found on crest of alveolar ridge

Derived from remnant of dental lamina

76
Q

Epstein pearls

A

Midpalatal raphe
Trapped epithelial remnants
Visible cysts in 80% of newborns

77
Q

Teething problems (systemic symptoms)

A

Diarrhea
GERD
Otitis media
Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
Rule out bronchitis, dehydration, eczema, febrile convusions, fever
*Fevere > 101F not attributed to teething
No available evidence suggests signs/symptoms sufficiently specific to teething

78
Q

Eruption hematoma

A

Form of dentigerous cyst around crown
Occurs in both dentitions
Translucent to bluish color
Usually ruptures spontaneously; may excise if symptomatic

79
Q

Primordial cyst: stellate reticulum

A

Many believe all primordial cysts are odontogenic keratocysts
WHO classification is odontogenic keratocyst

80
Q

Dentigerous cyst

A

Most common type of odontogenic cyst
Originates from separation of follicle from around crown of unerupted tooth
Treated with enucleation

81
Q

Ameloblastoma

A

Most common clinically significant odontogenic tumor
Slow growing, locally invasive, benign
Unilocular or multilocular
Excision or en bloc resection
Common in mandibular ramus or mandibular molars

82
Q

Local causes of delayed primary exfoliation and permanent tooth eruption

A

Ankylosis
Impaction
Supernumerary Teeth
Trauma

83
Q

Systemic conditions associated with delayed primary exfoliation and permanent eruption

A 
Achondroplasia
Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy
Apert Syndrome
Ellis-van Creveld (chondroectodermal dysplasia)
Cleidocranial dysplasia
DeLange syndrome
Down syndrome 
Gardner syndrome 
Hunter syndrome
Hypopituitarism
Hypothyroidism
Ichthyosis 
Incontinentia pigmenti 
Low birth weight/prematurity 
Osteogenesis imperfecta
84
Q

Primary failure to erupt

A

Malfunction of eruption mechanism with non-ankylosed teeth
Failure of affected tooth to move through eruption path
Teeth may partially erupt
Abnormal or complete lack of response to ortho forces

85
Q

Systemic conditions associated with accelerated eruption of teeth

A 
Chondroectodermal dysplasia (Ellis-van Creveld)
Hemifacial hypertrophy
Hyperthyroidism
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Precocious puberty
Sotos syndrome 
Sturge-Weber
86
Q

Premature exfoliation of primary teeth - systemic conditions

A 
Bone disease (fibrous dysplasia, Vitamin-D resistant rickets)
Perio disease (Aggressive perio, Papillon-Lefevre)
Metabolic disease (hypophosphatasia)
Blood disease (Burkitt's lymphoma, Chediak-Higashi, Cyclic neutropenia, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, leukemia)
Physical/chemical injuries (acrodynia, facial burns)
Dental anomalies (dentin dysplasia I, regional odontodysplasia)
87
Q

Ectopic eruption of permanent first molars

A

Incidence: 3-4%
Self-corrects 66% - but only 22% in CLP
Etiology: larger permanent teeth, small maxilla, small SNA, abnormal angulation of erupting tooth, delayed mineralization of some permanent teeth

88
Q

Order of ectopic eruption of permanent teeth (most to least common)

A

Maxillary first molars
Mandibular lateral incisors
Maxillary canines

89
Q

Ankylosis (infraocclusion)

A

Fusion of cementum with alveolar bone
Can occur at any stage of eruption
Clinically diagnosed as “submerged tooth” - radiographs not detected
Unknown etiology
Prevalence: 1.3-38.5%
Primary mandibular first molar most common
Associated with agenesis of permanent successor

90
Q

Problems with ankylosed teeth

A 
Deflected eruption paths
Delayed eruption of permanent successor
Impacted premolars 
Loss of arch length and alveolar bone
Supraeruption of opposing teeth
91
Q

Treatment of ankylosed teeth

A

Observe
Extract
Restore to occlusion
Luxate (permanent teeth)

92
Q

Maxillary central diastema prevalence

A

44-97% in 6 year olds (ugly duckling stage)
33-46% 9 year olds
7-20% in 14 year olds
2x more common in African-Americans

93
Q

Etiology of maxillary central diastema

A 
Normal development of mixed dentition
Excessive skeletal growth
Habits (digit sucking, pacifier use)
Small teeth or spaced dentition 
Physical impediment to normal closure (enlarged labial frenum, macroglossia, mesiodens, midline pathology, retained primary teeth) 
Artificial (rapid palate expansion)
94
Q

Treatment of maxillary central diastema

A

Usually occurs after eruption of permanent canines
Based on cause
-eliminate habits
-mesial tipping of central incisors
-reduction of overjet
-surgical intervention (transseptal fibers, frenum)
-enlargement of incisors

Pediatric Dentistry Handbook (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions