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Java Programming > Chapter 2 Defenitions > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Defenitions Flashcards

1
Q

Constant

A

Describes values that cannot be changed during an execution of an application

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2
Q

Literal constant

A

A value that is taken literally at each use

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3
Q

Numeric constant

A

A number whose value is taken literally at each use

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4
Q

Unnamed constant

A

Has no identifier associated with it

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5
Q

Variable

A

Named memory location that you can use to store a value

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6
Q

Data type

A

The type of data that can be stored there, how much memory it occupies, and what type of operations can be performed on the data

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7
Q

Primitive type

A

a simple data type, For Java these are byte, short, int, long, float, double, char, and boolean

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8
Q

Reference type

A

Complex data types that are constructed from primitive types

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9
Q

Variable declaration

A

statements that reserves a named memory location

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10
Q

Strongly typed language

A

One in which each variable has a well-defined type that limits the operations you can perform with it; implies that variable must be declared before use

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11
Q

Camel casing

A

Style in which an identifier begins with a lowercase letter and subsequent words with the identifier are capitalised

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12
Q

Assignment operator

A

The equal sign (=); any value to the right of the equal sign is assigned to the variable to the left of the equal sign

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13
Q

Initialisation

A

Is an assignment made when you declare a variable

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14
Q

Assignment

A

The act of providing a value for a variable

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15
Q

Associativity

A

Refers to the order in which the operands are used with the operators

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16
Q

lvalue

A

An expression that can appear on the left side of an assignment statement

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17
Q

rvalue

A

An expression that can appear on the right side of an assignment statement

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18
Q

uninitialised variable

A

one that has not been assigned to a value

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19
Q

garbage value

A

unknown value stared in a uninitialised variable

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20
Q

named constant

A

named memory location whose assigned value cannot change during program execution

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21
Q

symbolic constant

A

a named constant

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22
Q

The keyword ‘final’

A

To indicate something is a named constant declaration

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23
Q

blank final

A

final variable that has not yet been assigned a value

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24
Q

magic number

A

A value that does not have an immediate, intuitive meaning or number that cannot be explained without additional knowledge = unnamed constant

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25
Q

Scope of a data item

A

the area in which it is visible to a program and in which you can refer to it using its simple identifier

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26
Q

block of scope

A

code contained between a set of curly braces

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27
Q

Concatenated

A

Describes values that are attached end to end

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28
Q

null string

A

an empty string created by typing a set of quotes with nothing between them

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29
Q

integer

A

a whole number without decimal places

30
Q

byte

A

very small integers -128 - 127

31
Q

short

A

small integers -32768 - 32767

32
Q

long

A

very large integers

33
Q

lossy conversion

A

conversion in which some data is lost

34
Q

lossless conversion

A

conversion in which no data is lost

35
Q

boolean variable

A

can hold only true or false values

36
Q

relational operator

A

compares two items; always has a boolean value

37
Q

comparison operator

A

relational operator

38
Q

Floating -point

A

number that contains decimal positions

39
Q

a float data type

A

can hold a floating point value of up to 6 or 7 significant digits of accuracy

40
Q

double data type

A

can hold a floating point value of up to 14 or 15 significant digits of accuracy

41
Q

significant digits

A

the mathematical accuracy of a value

42
Q

char data type

A

holds a single character

43
Q

String

A

Java class that provides you with the means for storing and manipulating character strings

44
Q

escape sequence

A

begins with a backslash followed by a character; the pair represents a single character

45
Q

Standard input device

A

the keyboard

46
Q

token

A

a unit separated with whitespace

47
Q

prompt

A

a message that requests and describes user input

48
Q

Echoing the input

A

means to repeat the user’s entry as output so the user can visually confirm the entry’s accuracy

49
Q

keyboard buffer/type-ahead buffer

A

a small area of memory where key strokes are stored before they are retrieved into a program

50
Q

To consume an entry

A

is to receive and discard it without using it

51
Q

input dialog box

A

Asks a question and provides a text field in which the user can enter a response

52
Q

Type-wrapper classes

A

contained in java.lang package, includes methods that can process primitive data type values

53
Q

parse

A

break into component parts

54
Q

confirm dialog box

A

Displays the options; Yes, No and Cancel

55
Q

Standard arithmetic operators

A

are used to perform calculations with values

56
Q

operand

A

A value used in an arithmetic statement

57
Q

Binary operators

A

require 2 operands

58
Q

Floating-point division

A

is the operation in which 2 values are divided and either both or are floating- point values

59
Q

Integer division

A

is the operation in which 2 values are divided and either both or are integers, the result contains no fractional part

60
Q

The remainder operator

A

Is the percent sign; when it is used with two integers, the result is an integer with the value of the remainder after devision takes place

61
Q

Modulus operator

A

Abbreviated as mod, alternative name for remainder operator

62
Q

Operator precedence

A

the rules for the order in which parts of a mathematical expression are evaluated

63
Q

Type conversion

A

the process of converting one data type to another

64
Q

unifying type

A

is a single data type to which all operands in an expression are converted

65
Q

implicit conversion

A

automatic transformation of one data type to another

66
Q

Promotion

A

implicit conversion

67
Q

Type casting

A

Forces a value of one data type to be used as a value of another type

68
Q

Cast operator

A

performs an explicit type conversion; it is created by placing the desired result type in parentheses before the expression to be converted

69
Q

explicit conversion

A

is the data type transformation caused using a cast operator

70
Q

unary cast operator

A

A more complete name for the cast operator that performs explicit type conversions

71
Q

unary operator uses how many operands?

A

uses only one operand

Java Programming (4 decks)

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