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Information Management - CC4154 > Chapter 2. Data Models > Flashcards

Chapter 2. Data Models Flashcards

1
Q

It is the first step in designing a database, refers to the process of creating a specific data model for a determined problem domain

A

Data Modeling

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2
Q

It is a relatively simple representation, usually graphical, of more complex real-world data structures

A

Data Model

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3
Q

It is a person, place, thing, or event about which data can be stored

A

Entity

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4
Q

It is a characteristic of an entity or object. An attribute has a name and a data type

A

Attribute

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5
Q

An association between entities

A

Relationship

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6
Q

Types of relationships

A
  • One-to-Many Relationship
  • Many-to-One Relationship
  • One-to-One Relationship
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7
Q

A restriction placed on data, usually expressed in the form of rules.

A

Constraint

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8
Q

A description of a policy, procedure, or principle within an organization.

A

Business Rule

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9
Q

To properly identify the type of relationship, you should consider that relationships are __

A

Bidirectional

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10
Q

Entity names should be descriptive of the objects in the business environment and use terminology that is familiar to the users.

A

Naming Conventions

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11
Q

An attribute name should also be descriptive of the data represented by that attribute.

A

Naming Convention

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12
Q

It is also a good practice to prefix the name of an attribute with the name or abbreviation of the entity in which it occurs.

A

Naming Conventions

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13
Q

Is based on mathematical set theory and represents data as independent relations.

A

Relational Model

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14
Q

Is conceptually represented as a two-dimensional structure of intersecting rows and columns.

A

Each relation

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15
Q

The relations are related to each other through the sharing of common ___

A

Entity Characteristics

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16
Q

A logical construct perceived to be a two-dimensional structure composed of intersecting rows (entities) and columns (attributes) that represents an entity set in the relational model.

A

Table (Relation)

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17
Q

In the relational model, a table row

A

Tuple

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18
Q

Each ___ represents an attribute

A

Column

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19
Q

The relational model also describes a precise set of data manipulation constructs based on advanced mathematical concepts

A

Table

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20
Q

Tables are related to each other through the sharing of a common ___

A

Attribute

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21
Q

A collection of programs that manages a relational database. The ___ software translates a user’s logical requests (queries) into commands that physically locate and retrieve the requested data.

A

Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)

22
Q

It is a representation of the relational database’s entities, the attributes within those entities, and the relationships between those entities

A

Relational Diagram

23
Q

A data model that describes relationships (1:1, 1:M, and M:N) among entities at the conceptual level with the help of ER diagrams.

A

Entity relationship (ER) model (ERM)

24
Q

A diagram that depicts an entity relationship model’s entities, attributes, and relations

A

Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)

25
Q

Defined as anything about which data will be collected and stored

A

Entity

26
Q

An entity is represented in the ERD by a rectangle, also known as an ___

A

Entity Box

27
Q

The name of the entity, a noun, is written in the center of the ____

A

Rectangle

28
Q

The entity name is generally written in ___

A

Capital Letters and in Singular Form

29
Q

Each entity consists of a ___ that describes particular characteristics of the entity.

A

Set of attributes

30
Q

It describes associations among data. Most relationships describe associations between two entities.

A

Relationships

31
Q

ER Notations

A
  • Chen Notation
  • Crow’s Foot
  • Class Diagram Notation
32
Q

The application programmer’s view of the data environment.

A

External Model

33
Q

Works with a data subset of the global database schema.

A

External Model

34
Q

The specific representation of an external view; the end user’s view of the data environment

A

External Schema

35
Q

It represents a global view of the entire database by the entire organization.

A

Conceptual Model

36
Q

Integrates all external views (entities, relationships, constraints, and processes) into a single global view of the data in the enterprise

A

Conceptual Model

37
Q

A representation of the conceptual model, usually expressed graphically

A

Conceptual Schema

38
Q

A property of any model or application that does not depend on the software used to implement it.

A

Software Independence

39
Q

A condition in which a model does not depend on the hardware used in the model’s implementation

A

Hardware Independence

40
Q

A stage in the design phase that matches the conceptual design to the requirements of the selected DBMS and is therefore software dependent.

A

Logical Design

41
Q

In database modeling, a level of ___ that adapts the conceptual model to a specific DBMS model for implementation.

A

Data Abstraction

42
Q

The ___ is the representation of a database as “seen” by the DBMS.

A

Internal Model

43
Q

In other words, the ___ requires a designer to match the conceptual model’s characteristics and constraints to those of the selected implementation model.

A

Internal Model

44
Q

A representation of an internal model using the database constructs supported by the chosen database.

A

Internal schema

45
Q

A condition in which the internal model can be changed without affecting the conceptual model.

A

Logical Independence

46
Q

A model in which physical characteristics such as location, path, and format are described for the data.

A

Physical Model

47
Q

The physical model is both ___

A

hardware and software-dependent.

48
Q

A condition in which the physical model can be changed without affecting the internal model.

A

Physical Independence

49
Q

Models and their Degrees of Abstraction

A
  • External - Heighest
  • Conceptual - High
  • Internal - Low
  • Physical - Lowest
50
Q

Model and their Focus

A
  • External - End-User Views
  • Conceptual - Global view of Data (Database model independence)
  • Internal - Specific Database model
  • Physical - Storage and Access methods
51
Q

Models and their Independence

A
  • External - Hardware and Software
  • Conceptual - Hardware and Software
  • Internal - Hardware
  • Physical - Neither hardware nor software

Information Management - CC4154 (3 decks)

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