Chapter 2: Data Modeling

Question 1

the first step in designing a database, refers to the process of creating a specific data model for a determined problem domain

Answer 1

data modeling

Question 2

a relatively simple representation, usually graphical, of more complex real-world data structures

Answer 2

data model

Question 3

a person, place thing, or event about which data will collected and stored

Answer 3

entity

Question 4

a characteristic of an entity

Answer 4

attribute

Question 5

describes an association among entities

Answer 5

relationship

Question 6

a restriction placed on the data

Answer 6

constraint

Question 7

a brief, precise, and unambiguous description of a policy, procedure , or principle within a specific organization

Answer 7

business rule

Question 8

this hierarchical structure contains levels, or segments

Answer 8

hierarchical model

Question 9

the equivalent of a file system’s record type

Answer 9

segment

Question 10

created to represent complex data relationships more effectively than the hierarchical model

Answer 10

network model

Question 11

the conceptual organization of the entire database as viewed by the database administrator

Answer 11

schema

Question 12

defines the portion of the database “seen” by the application programs that actually produce the desired information from the data within the database

Answer 12

subschema

Question 13

defines the environment in which data can be managed and is used to work with the data in the database

Answer 13

data manipulation language(DML)

Question 14

enables the database administrator to define the schema components

Answer 14

data definition language (DDL)

Question 15

describes a precise set of data manipulation constructs based on advanced mathematical concepts

Answer 15

relation

Question 16

a row in a relation

Answer 16

tuple

Question 17

performs the same basic functions provided by the hierarchical and network DBMS systems, in addition to a host of other functions that make the relational data model easier to understand and implement

Answer 17

relational database management system (RDBMS)

Question 18

a graphical tool in which entities and their relationships are pictured

Answer 18

entity relationship(ER) model

Question 19

uses graphical representation to model database components

Answer 19

entity relationship diagram (ERD)

Question 20

each row in the relational table

Answer 20

entity instance/ entity occurence

Question 21

a collection of entities

Answer 21

entity set

Question 22

used to label the relationship types

Answer 22

connectivity

Question 23

both data and its relationships are contained in a single structure known as an object

Answer 23

object oriented data model

Question 24

the ability of an object within class hierarchy to inherit the attributes and methods of the classes above it

Answer 24

inheritance

Question 25

a language based on object oriented concepts that describes a set of diagrams and symbols you can use to graphically model a system

Answer 25

unified modeling language (UML)

Question 26

used to represent data and its relationships within the larger UML object oriented system’s modeling language

Answer 26

class diagram

Question 27

a movement to find new and better ways to manage large amounts of webs and sensor-generated data and derive business insight from it, while simultaneously providing high performance and scalability at a reasonable cost

Answer 27

Big Data

Question 28

the amount of data being stored

Answer 28

Volume

Question 29

not only to the speed with which data grows but also to the need to process this data quickly in order to generate information and insight

Answer 29

Velocity

Question 30

refers to the fact that the data being collected comes in multiple different data formats

Answer 30

Variety

Question 31

a Java based, open source, high speed, fault-tolerant distributed storage and computational framework

Answer 31

Hadoop

Question 32

a highly distributed, fault-tolerant file storage system designed to manage large amounts of data at high speeds

Answer 32

Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS)

Question 33

a data model based on a structure composed of two data elements: a key and a value or set of values.

Answer 33

key-value