Chapter 1: Introduction to Databases, Information and Data

Question 1

Files having no internal hierarchy

Answer 1

Flat files

Question 2

files containing an unsorted set of records that are uniquely identified by a record id which allows them to be inserted or deleted using that id

Answer 2

heap files

Question 3

files that store a list of lookup filed values from a data file– along with the location (address) in the data file of the corresponding record.

Answer 3

Index files

Question 4

files which use a hash function to decide where a record should be placed on a disk

Answer 4

hashed files

Question 5

consists of raw facts

Answer 5

data

Question 6

result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning

Answer 6

information

Question 7

the body of information and facts about a specific subject`

Answer 7

knowledge

Question 8

discipline that focuses on the proper generation, storage and retrieval of data

Answer 8

data management

Question 9

shared, integrated computer structure

Answer 9

database

Question 10

data about data

Answer 10

metadata

Question 11

a collection of programs that manages the database structure and controls access to the data stored in the database

Answer 11

database management system (DBMS)

Question 12

same data appears in different places

Answer 12

data inconsistency

Question 13

a specific request issued to the DBMS for data manipulation

Answer 13

query

Question 14

a spur of the moment question

Answer 14

ad hoc query

Question 15

the answers a DBMS sends

Answer 15

query result set

Question 16

comprehensive approach to promoting the accuracy, validity, and timeliness of the data

Answer 16

data quality

Question 17

supports one user at a time

Answer 17

single-user data base

Question 18

a single-user database that runs on a personal computer

Answer 18

desktop database

Question 19

supports multiple users at the same time

Answer 19

multiuser database

Question 20

the multiuser database supports a relatively small number of users or a specific department within an organization

Answer 20

workgroup database

Question 21

the database is used by the entire organization and supports many users, across many departments, the database is known

Answer 21

enterprise database

Question 22

a database that supports data distributed across several different sites

Answer 22

distributed database

Question 23

a database that supports data located at a single site

Answer 23

centralized database

Question 24

a database that is created and maintained using cloud data services ,such a Microsoft Azure or Amazon AWS

Answer 24

cloud database

Question 25

contains a wide variety of data used in multiple disciplines

Answer 25

general purpose databases

Question 26

contain data focused on specific subject areas

Answer 26

Discipline-specific databases

Question 27

a database that is designed primarily to support a company’s day-to-day operations

Answer 27

operation database/Online transaction processing (OLTP) database/transactional database/production database

Question 28

focuses primarily on storing historical data and business metrics used exclusively for tactical or strategic decision making

Answer 28

analytical database

Question 29

allows the end user to perform advanced analysis of business data using sophisticated tools

Answer 29

Analytical database

Question 30

refers to the activities that focus on the design of the database structure that will be used to store and manage end user data

Answer 30

database design

Question 31

a character or group of characters that has a specific meaning; used to define and store data

Answer 31

field

Question 32

a logically connected set of one or more fields that describes a person, place, or thing

Answer 32

record

Question 33

a collection of related records

Answer 33

file

Question 34

access to a file is dependent on its structure

Answer 34

structural dependence

Question 35

exists when you can change the file structure without affecting the application’s ability to access the data

Answer 35

structural independence

Question 36

when all data access programs are subject to change when any of the file’s data storage characteristic change

Answer 36

data dependence

Question 37

the data storage characteristics can change without affecting the program’s ability to access the data

Answer 37

data independence

Question 38

how human beings view data

Answer 38

logical data format

Question 39

how the computer must work with the data

Answer 39

physical data format

Question 40

scattered data locations

Answer 40

islands of information

Question 41

when the same data is stored unnecessarily at different places

Answer 41

data redundancy

Question 42

develops when not all of the required changes in the redundant data are made successfully

Answer 42

data anomaly

Question 43

an organization of components that define and regulate the collection, storage, management, and use of data within a database environment

Answer 43

database system

Question 44

what the DBMS uses to look up the required data component structures and relationships

Answer 44

data dictionary

Question 45

relates to the activities that make the database perform more efficiently in terms of storage and access speed

Answer 45

performance tuning

Question 46

a nonprocedural language; that lets the user specify what must be done without having to specify how

Answer 46

query language

Question 47

the de facto query language and data access standard supported by the majority of DBMS vendors

Answer 47

structured query language (SQL)