Chapter 1: Introduction to Databases, Information and Data Flashcards
Files having no internal hierarchy
Flat files
files containing an unsorted set of records that are uniquely identified by a record id which allows them to be inserted or deleted using that id
heap files
files that store a list of lookup filed values from a data file– along with the location (address) in the data file of the corresponding record.
Index files
files which use a hash function to decide where a record should be placed on a disk
hashed files
consists of raw facts
data
result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning
information
the body of information and facts about a specific subject`
knowledge
discipline that focuses on the proper generation, storage and retrieval of data
data management
shared, integrated computer structure
database
data about data
metadata
a collection of programs that manages the database structure and controls access to the data stored in the database
database management system (DBMS)
same data appears in different places
data inconsistency
a specific request issued to the DBMS for data manipulation
query
a spur of the moment question
ad hoc query
the answers a DBMS sends
query result set
comprehensive approach to promoting the accuracy, validity, and timeliness of the data
data quality
supports one user at a time
single-user data base
a single-user database that runs on a personal computer
desktop database
supports multiple users at the same time
multiuser database
the multiuser database supports a relatively small number of users or a specific department within an organization
workgroup database
the database is used by the entire organization and supports many users, across many departments, the database is known
enterprise database
a database that supports data distributed across several different sites
distributed database
a database that supports data located at a single site
centralized database
a database that is created and maintained using cloud data services ,such a Microsoft Azure or Amazon AWS
cloud database
contains a wide variety of data used in multiple disciplines
general purpose databases
contain data focused on specific subject areas
Discipline-specific databases
a database that is designed primarily to support a company’s day-to-day operations
operation database/Online transaction processing (OLTP) database/transactional database/production database
focuses primarily on storing historical data and business metrics used exclusively for tactical or strategic decision making
analytical database
allows the end user to perform advanced analysis of business data using sophisticated tools
Analytical database
refers to the activities that focus on the design of the database structure that will be used to store and manage end user data
database design
a character or group of characters that has a specific meaning; used to define and store data
field
a logically connected set of one or more fields that describes a person, place, or thing
record
a collection of related records
file
access to a file is dependent on its structure
structural dependence
exists when you can change the file structure without affecting the application’s ability to access the data
structural independence
when all data access programs are subject to change when any of the file’s data storage characteristic change
data dependence
the data storage characteristics can change without affecting the program’s ability to access the data
data independence
how human beings view data
logical data format
how the computer must work with the data
physical data format
scattered data locations
islands of information
when the same data is stored unnecessarily at different places
data redundancy
develops when not all of the required changes in the redundant data are made successfully
data anomaly
an organization of components that define and regulate the collection, storage, management, and use of data within a database environment
database system
what the DBMS uses to look up the required data component structures and relationships
data dictionary
relates to the activities that make the database perform more efficiently in terms of storage and access speed
performance tuning
a nonprocedural language; that lets the user specify what must be done without having to specify how
query language
the de facto query language and data access standard supported by the majority of DBMS vendors
structured query language (SQL)
